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FERENC ÍRK of the present capitalist economy are the people who are exploited and the indirect losers are all the others except for the short-term winners. Their method is extraprofit oriented exploitation, their instruments are underpaid workers who produce raw material and turn it into finished products at the peril of their health and their target group are the consumers who are “purchased” through advertisements. The “engines” of the networks formed by companies are power centres that focus their intellectual and material resources on short-term goals only, assert only their interests and ignore the damage they cause to society and nature through the activities aimed at achieving their goals. They make use of the legal environments in the individual countries that are unable to secure the priority of the public interest. The direct consequences of this economy include hazards and often serious damage to the body and physical health on a large scale as well as the degrading of the natural environment. The indirect consequences are the unpunishable sins that are materialised in the metamorphosis of the exploitation of the natural environment at an increasing speed in a process starting from production continuing with consumption and ending in the destruction of the products. ON THE SILENT VICTIMS OF EXPLOITATION Both forced labour and slave labour can be closely related to human trafficking.’ The goal of human trafficking is always exploitation, which can mean prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or similar practices, oppression of others and the illegal removal of the organs of the human body. “Human trafficking may involve exploitation through forced labour, including the following areas: agriculture, building industry, textile industry, catering (restaurants, bars, hotels), horticulture, care work, fishing.” In spite of these realizations, experience shows that while criminologists consider human trafficking and prostitution a central issue, the literature of the field pays much less attention to the exploitation of human labour. This difference may be due to the fact the profit from the exploitation of labour concerns a much wider 7 See further: UN. General Assembly A/RES/55/25 8 January 2001: 55/25 United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime. Specifically Article 3 (a) https:// www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/ globalcompact/A_RES_55_25.pdf. Windt, Szandra (ed.): Guiding and assisting the European victims of human trafficking, [Az emberkereskedelem európai áldozatainak irányítása és segítésel — RAVOT-EUR HOME/2012/ISEC/AG/4000004405. Informative manual on the Transnational Guiding Mechanism operating between Belgium, the Netherlands and Hungary, assisting the victims of human trafficking, Budapest, The Interior Ministry of Hungary, 2015, 10-12. + 288 *
