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THE EXPLOITATION OF LABOUR AND THE EUROPEAN VALUES Forced labour has two, basically different meanings. One specifically views things in terms of enemies and focuses on punishment. According to it "forced labour is a prohibited kind of free labour, which is introduced in a war or after that by violent, overpowering military or civil powers because they are in an economic emergency situation, which they are trying to solve by punishing or sometimes even destroying people groups or persons regarded as their enemies"". The other meaning is closely related to an exploitation-centred and widespread approach of production in our present world and also to the two central themes of criminological investigations: human trafficking and sexual exploitation. Based on regular information coming from civil organizations, mainly from developing countries, Veronika Gyurdcz summarizes the essence of slave work in the following: “There are still a lot of practices around the world that infringe on people’s personal freedom, who are treated as property, their labour is exploited, and all this with violence and intimidation. These concerns are shared by the most important international organizations that guarantee international legal protection and they urge the member states to make efforts in order to put an end to slave work. For example, since 2007 there has been a special envoy at the United Nations, assigned to ensure that these practices are treated uniformly as slavery by the national authorities and that the victims receive protection accordingly and the perpetrators are held responsible.” Ihe exploitation of labour is kept alive as most of the consumer habits in our globalised world are incompatible with fairness as a supreme value of Europe and are consequently unacceptable from a moral point of view. The reason behind it is distorted capitalism, which is based on exploitation that serves to satisfy the hunger for profit instead of the keystones of bourgeois society: the sanctity of private property, the freedom of contract and equality before the law. Ihe goal of exploitation is the cheap production of products, serving customer needs to the outmost, with a wide selection of goods and securing a huge extra profit through these. The key participants of the globalised economy have no regard for the consequences of the process that starts with production, continues through transport and consumption and ends with the destruction of goods. The treadmill of production (ToP) theory contains the detailed connections of that. The direct losers > https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A 9nyszermunka. 6 Gyuracz, Veronika, Legal and pedagogical protection against modern-day slavery in Hungary [Jogi és pedagógiai védelem a modernkori rabszolgaság ellen Magyarországon], Acta Humana 2 (2016), 75-94, https://folyoiratok.uni-nke.hu/document/nkeszolgaltatouni-nke-hu/AH_2016_2_04_Gyuracz.pdf. * 287 «
