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modelled after the International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS)". Unfortunately,
draft legislation for such survey, named the EU Safety Survey (SASU), prepared by
Eurostat in consultation with a group of European criminologists and statisticians,
and duly pilot tested in several member states, was vetoed by the European
Parliament in 2014 at the advice of a conservative party British EMP who inter alia
argued, rather illogically, that no European survey was needed since the British
Crime Survey (BCS) sufficed.
On the positive side, Gallup International has since 2005 included two rough
items on experiences with crime in its annual World Poll®. These two items were:
“Within the past twelve months, have you had money or property stolen from you
or another household member (household theft) and “Within the past 12 months,
have you been assaulted or mugged”? (Assault and street robbery). Although these
two, partly overlapping, items fail to meet the international standards of a full¬
fledged victimization survey, the Gallup Poll is unprecedented in its coverage (160
countries worldwide) and periodicity (samples of one 1.000 per year per country).
Within Europe alone half a million of persons have so far been interviewed.
Encouragingly, the combined rates of the two items were found to be fairly
strongly correlated to the overall victimization rates of ten different types of crime
of the ICVS in the 70 countries where both surveys had been conducted in recent
years (P coefficient = + .62; n= 69)’.
A second type of validated statistics on crime are the numbers of standardised
homicide cases as collected by international organizations such as UNODC and
WHO. As our source, we have taken the Global Study on Homicide of UNODC
which covers the largest number of countries for the full period 2006-2019.°
Finally, we have constructed a three-item composite index measuring the
extent of organised crime and corruption in a country which includes the item
on experiences with racketeering and extortion of business executives from
the Business Executives Surveys annually commissioned by the Davos World
Economic Forum’. The other two items measure the extent of grand corruption
as measured by GWP and Transparency International’. This index, modelled
5 Van Dijk, The world of crime.
6° Gallup, Gallup World Poll Methodology, 2020, www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/ess/voh/
Gallup world poll methodology.pdf.
Jan Van Dijk — Paul Nieuwbeerta — Jacqueline Joudo Larssen, Global crime patterns:
an analysis of survey data from 166 countries around the world, 2006-2019, Journal of
Quantitative Criminology (2021).
8 UNODC, Global Study on Homicide, Vienna, UNODC, 2019.
° WEF (World Economic Forum), Executive Opinion Survey, Geneva, World Economic
Forum, 2020.
Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index 2015: Data and Methodology,
2015, https://www.transparency.org/cpi2015.
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