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FOREWORD particular against hatred and hostility. Jan Van Dijk presents comparative statistics on victimization by common crime, homicide and organized crime/corruption in Northern, Western, Eastern and Southern Europe for the period 2006-2019. With the exception of organized crime, whose levels remain significantly higher in Eastern and Southern Europe than elsewhere, levels of crime have declined and somewhat converged. Ihese data are critically analyzed and explained. Frieder Dünkel discusses the European Prison Rules as revised in 2020 to provide guidance to prison services on humane treatment of inmates. George P. Fletcher offers a personal account of the criminal law related aspects of the Hungarian regime change in 1989/90 and during the early 90s, with a special focus on the Hungarian Constitutional Court decision abolishing the death penalty. Mordechai Kremnitzer and Khalid Ghanayim assess a new law on homicide offenses adopted by the Knesset in 2019. John Shattuck gives an account of human rights violations in U.S. immigration and criminal justice practices and offers reform ideas of the US criminal justice system to comply with due process requirements and to eliminate racial discrimination. Tibor Tajti gives a comparative analysis of the criminal contempt — bankruptcy proceedings nexus. Ugljesa Ugi Zveki¢ argues that a comprehensive and effective global anti-crime governance presupposes the development of a clear strategic approach, which recognizes the manifold linkages among global anti-crime types and their relationship with sustainable development. Péter Csonka kicks off the discussions on criminal procedural law and international criminal cooperation with his views on the future of European criminal law. Mirjan DamaSka explores the future of free proof in criminal cases. Csaba Fenyvesi gives an interdisciplinary account of the findings, conclusions and proposals of the research on confrontation in criminal proceedings. Artem Galushko discusses political justice in Russia via an exploration of a series of criminal proceedings against Ukrainian citizens after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014. Katalin Holé moves the discussion to Europe explaining the procedural autonomy of the Member States and the principles of equivalence and effectiveness. Zsolt Szomora in his paper on covert online entrapment in transnational criminal cases addresses a delicate issue of evidentiary law in the matrix of domestic law, EU law and European human rights standards. Last, but not least in this chapter Mihaly Tóth discusses a number of issues in relation to the use of disguised identification tools from the viewpoint of criminal procedural guarantees. The chapter on human rights starts with a topical writing by Alexander Blankenagel on the inconsistency of COVID-19 measures and the related erosion of fundamental rights and the principle of proportionality. Herbert Hanreich’s starting point is that positive foundations of human rights fail due to the vagueness of the concept of ‘humanity’ in such rights. Immanuel Kant’s philosophical theory +15 +
