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FOREWORD punishable behaviours, and punishments guided by ideological fervor, and other, such as statistical considerations. The chapter on substantive criminal law opens with a study by Ervin Belovics, who, based on the work of Ferenc Finkey, examines cumulative offenses, cumulative sentences and aggregate sentences. Csongor Herke takes a look at the effect of modern forensic methods featured in the media on criminal proceedings. Miklós Hollän’s work is located at the intersection of substantive and procedural law, analysing the role of the nulla poena sine lege principle beyond the auspices of criminal law. Discussing international criminal law challenges, Tamas Hoffmann focuses on problems faced by the Hungarian legal practitioner when applying international criminal law. Eszter Kirs’ study is also on the intersection of international and national law: she investigates the effects of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) on combatting hate crimes on the national plane. The most prominent part of Karoly Bard’s life work is in the field of criminal procedure law, well reflected by the fact that studies embracing this subject make up the majority of the volume. Janos Banati and Dénes Matyas discuss the challenges faced by defence attorneys during the investigative phase under the effective Code of Criminal Procedure. The victim-focused study authored by Tiinde A. Barabas was inspired by Karoly Bard’s 1984 article ‘Applied’ Victimology in North America and his doctoral dissertation submitted to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Akos Farkas sketches the main structural changes made to the English jury system from its beginnings to the present day. Erzsebet Kadlöt discusses the inseparable principles, safeguards and guarantees enshrined in the law, and their combinations, decisive for the quality of criminal proceedings. Krisztina Karsai’s study on the statute of limitations in Europe appears to echo Karoly Bard’s interest in the theoretical questions of historical justice. Based on Reginald Rose’s drama 12 angry men, Anna Kiss examines the role of group dynamics in her study entitled Criminal jurors. Péter Polt’s paper revolves around the principle of ne bis in idem and the respective role of the prosecution in the context of a historical, 2017 amendment to the Code of Criminal Procedure. Finally, in his study Andras Turi looks into how the truth may be unfolded through the evidentiary procedure of criminal proceedings. Several authors honour the human rights scholarship of Karoly Bard with writings on this topic. While all studies were oriented towards human rights, it was this chapter that papers unrelated to or only marginally touching upon criminal proceedings were collected. The piece authored by Zoltan Fleck rethinks the relevant concept, theory and institutions of human rights in our ‘post-human rights’ era. Based on the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights rendered in respect of hate speech targeting specific communities, Andras Kristóf Kadar evaluates Hungarian legislation protecting the dignity of communities. Janos «136
