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VICTOR NEUMANN mechanics, small factories of wood processing and furniture production, Armin Krauf’s upholstery workshop, Kolarits’s workshop of the textile industry, Ulrich Hinterfeer’s glove factory, Ignaz Spizer’s hat workshop; Johann Tedeschi & Co’s machinery factory, and Stefan Farkas & Michael Ludwig’s hardware workshop. For Temeswar, this marked an unprecedented development. Events such as this, and also the involvement of the citizens, are very well depicted by Temeswarer Zeitung.*' The same newspaper mentioned, at the end of the 19" century, the processes of city transformation and the integration of peripheral neighborhoods. The example of the Mehala neighborhood is suggestive for showing how the number of inhabitants had risen in Temeswar, the city becoming the fifth largest of the Eastern region of the Monarchy. INSTEAD OF CONCLUSIONS What do all these phenomena prove? Temeswarer Zeitung shows that, between 1890 and 1900 Temeswar was an urban center with a lot of initiative, with new institutions, with a society eager to learn and become modernized in large measure, multilinguistic and multi-confessional, adapted to capitalist policy. Temeswarer Zeitung confirms Jené Lendvai’s conclusions, the secretary of Temeswarer Chamber of Commerce and Industry. According to him, the city was connected to Europe’s economy by the production of goods in demand on the German, English, French, Russian and Balkan markets.” The news inserted in Temeswarer Zeitung about civic and scientific associations, about the bourgeoisie and its program in the years of the 1890s and 1900s, and about education and culture addressed to the population show how the social component was the most important link in the political-administrative construction and the city’s economic development. The rapid integration of the inhabitants into industrial activities, the transportation facilitated by the trains that linked Vienna to Bucharest, London and Constantinople, and Western to South-Eastern Europe, the regularization of the Bega canal and others, had been possible due to a well-trained and progress-oriented professional elite, but also to a cooperative society, opened to communication and competition. Temeswar’s and Banat’s civism asserted itself as the process of emancipation developed. Although it was often considered a German city, the 19'* century Temeswar mostly identified with Vienna’s cosmopolitan direction in the period of the Austrian Enlightenment. It had refused the idea of German identity in its 51 Temesvarer Zeitung, Vol. 61, No. 31, 9% February, 1912, 1. 52 Szäsz, Manchester-ul, 247. * 168 +
