Oldal 530 [530]
ABSIRACT
In the courts attraction. Ihe scenes of the integration
of the Hungarian aristocracy in Vienna (1711-1765)
The integration of the Kingdom of Hungary into the Habsburg Monarchy,
or the Composite Monarchy of the Habsburg dynasty (zusammengesetzte
Habsburgermonarchie) as it is called in recent international literature, was
a very difficult and conflict-laden process. In the period between 1526 and
1711, the relationship between the Hungarian nobility and the Habsburg dy¬
nasty was extremely varied. In the country, which was divided into two and
then three parts after the Battle of Mohacs, the Hungarian lords support¬
ed either the Habsburg kings or the Princes of Transylvania (before 1570
the Szapolyais), depending on their power aspirations, the location of their
estates, their family and personal strategies, or their political outlook and
their ambitions. In the ,,long” 17" century, conflicts, and dissatisfaction with
the Habsburg government in the society of estates led to armed rebellions
and internal wars on several occasions (think of the movements marked by
the names of Bocskai, Bethlen, Thököly or Rákóczi). A special place among
the movements is occupied by the longest-lasting Rákóczi freedom struggle,
which broke out after the expulsion of the Ottomans in response to the cen¬
tralisation policy pursued by Leopold I.
The year 1711, which marks the beginning of the boundary of this vol¬
ume, can be considered a milestone in the history of Habsburg-Hungarian
relations because of the Peace of Sathmar succeeded in placing the cooper¬
ation between the Kingdom of Hungary and Vienna on a new footing, thus
creating the conditions for long-term internal stability and economic pros¬
perity in the country. Charles VI (Charles III as King of Hungary) took the
accords of the peace of Sathmar seriously, broke with his father’s practice of
government, and from his accession to the throne the court’s policy towards
Hungarian affairs changed markedly.
The improvement of the relationship between the Habsburg government
and the Hungarian nobility was already noticeable at the time of the Diet of
1722-1723, when the Pragmatica Sanctio was adopted, but the results of the
long-term consolidation were even more visible after the death of Charles VI,
when the famous Diet of 1741 assured the support of Maria Theresa (in her
perilous situation regarding her succession). During the reign of Maria The¬
resa, the Hungarian aristocracy and the Hungarian political elite in Vienna
had a much wider margin of manoeuvre, and members of the natio Hun¬
garica were given access to court and government positions that had never