Apel D. (ed.) 2012. War Culture and the Contest of Images. New Brunswick-London: Rutgers University Press.
Bhabha H. 1986. Foreword: Remembering Fanon. In: Fanon F. (ed.) Black Skin, White Masks. London: Pluto Press, pp. vii–xxvi.
Butler J. 2010. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? London: Verso.
Caricature. In: Attardo S. 2014 (ed.) Encyclopedia of Humor Studies. Los Angeles & London: Sage Publications, pp. 103–105.
Davies C. 2002. Mirth of Nations. New Brunswick & London: Transaction Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315133171
Hall S. (ed.) 1997. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London & Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Hempelmann C. & Samson A. 2008. Cartoons: Drawn Jokes? In: Raskin V. (ed.) The Primer of Humor Research. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 609–640. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110198492.609
Kempf W. 2014 Historia fotografii. Od Daguerre’a do Gursky’iego (‘History of Photography. From Daguerre to Gursky’). Kraków: Universitas.
Sontag S. 2003. Regarding the Pain of Others. London: Penguin.
Stokker K. 1997. Folklore Fights the Nazis: Humour in Occupied Norway 1940–1945. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Tucker A.W., Michels W. & Zelt N. 2012. War/Photography: Images of Armed Conflict and its Aftermath. Houston: Houston Museum of Fine Arts.
Aulich J. 2007. War Posters, Weapons of Mass Communication. London: Thames and Hudson.
Brustein W.L. 2003. Roots of Hate, Anti-Semitism in Europe before the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bryant M. 2005. World War II in Cartoons. London: Grub Street.
Bryant M. 2006. World War I in Cartoons. London: Grub Street.
Carmichael J. 1992. The Satanising of the Jews. New York: From.
Clark T., Gerstle A.C., Ishigami A. & Yano A. (eds) 2013. Shunga, Sex and Pleasure in Japanese Art. London: British Museum.
Chang I. 1998. The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II. London: Penguin.
Curtis P.L. 1971. Apes and Angels, the Irishman in Victorian Caricature. Newton Abbott U.K.: David and Charles.
Curtis L. 1985. Nothing but the Same Old Story. London: Information on Ireland.
Darracott J. & Loftus B. 1972a. First World War Posters. London: Imperial War Museum.
Darracott J. & Loftus B. 1972b. Second World War Posters. London: Imperial War Museum.
Davies C. 2001. Humour is not a Strategy in War. Journal of European Studies, vol. 31, pp. 395–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/004724410103112309
Davies C. 2011. Jokes and Targets. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Davies N. 1981. God’s Playground. A History of Poland, vol. II. Oxford: Clarendon.
Demski D. & Baraniecka-Olszewska K. (eds) 2010. Images of the Other in Ethnic Caricatures of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw: IAE PAN.
Demski D., Sz. Kristȯf I. & Baraniecka-Olszewska K. (eds) 2013. Competing Eyes, Visual Encounters with Alterity in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest: L’Harmattan.
Dower J.W. 1986. War without Mercy. New York: Pantheon.
Efimov B. 2005. Forced Laughter. Prague: Galerie Nová Sin.
Furuya K. & Chang C. 1981. Chiang Kai-Shek, His Life and Times. New York: St John’s University.
Graml H. 1992. Anti-Semitism in the Third Reich. Oxford: Blackwell.
Golubev A.V. 2010. Images of the Eastern Europe in the Soviet Caricature of the 1920s and 1930s (in the published material of Krokodil). In: Demski D. & Baraniecka-Olszewska K. (eds) Images of the Other in Ethnic Caricatures of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw: IAE PAN, pp. 212–233.
Hašek J. 1973 [1921–1923]. The Good Soldier Švejk. London: Penguin.
Hate and Propaganda. 1993. Los Angeles: Church of Scientology.
Heath Robinson W. 1978. Heath Robinson at War. London: Duckworth.
Hitler A. 1974 [1925–1926]. Mein Kampf. London: Hutchinson.
Horecký M. 1985. Humor do vrecka alebo vtipy na každý deň (‘Humour in Your Pocket or Jokes on Every Day’). Košice: Východoslovenské Vydavatel’stvo.
Hsia Po-Chia R. 1987. The Myth of Ritual Murder. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Huntington S.P. 2002. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. London: Simon and Schuster.
Judd D. 1972. Posters of World War Two. London: Wayland.
Kant I. 1951 [1790]. Critique of Judgement. New York: Hafner.
Kertzer D. 2001. The Popes Against the Jews, the Vatican’s Role in the Rise of Modern Anti-Semitism. New York: Alfred Knopf.
Koch U.E. (ed.) 1997. Marianne et Germania dans la caricature (1550–1997) (‘Marianne and Germany in Caricatures (1550–1997)’). Paris: Goethe-Institut Paris.
Lancaster O. 1978. Scene Changes. London: John Murray.
Larry. 1995. Larry at War. London: Park Macdonald.
Lustosa I. (ed.) 2011. Imprensa, Humor e Caricatura—a Questão dos Estereótipos Culturais (‘Press, Humour and Caricature—a Question of Cultural Stereotypes’). Bello Horizonte: UFM.
McLachlan E.R. 1973. The Cartoons of Edward McLachlan. London: Private Eye/Andrė Deutsch.
New Yorker War Album. 1943. London: Hamish Hamilton.
Philippe R. 1982. Political Graphics. Art as a Weapon. Oxford: Phaidon.
Ponsonby Lord A. 1991. Falsehood in Wartime: Propaganda Lies of the First World War. Costa Mesa CA: Institute for Historical Review.
Reitlinger G. 1968. The Final Solution. London: Valentine Mitchell.
Rokeach M. 1960. The Open and Closed Mind. New York: Basic.
Rummel R.J. 1990. Lethal Politics. Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder since 1917. New Brunswick & London: Transaction Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203787236
Rummel R.J. 1994. Death by Government. New Brunswick & London: Transaction Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793756
Schom A. 2004. The Eagle and the Rising Sun: The Japanese-American War, 1941–1943. New York: W.W. Norton.
Sorel E. 1978. Superpen: The Cartoons and Caricatures of Edward Sorel. New York: Random House.
Stubble M. 1987. Battle for Britain. London: Private Eye/Andre Deutsch.
Tateishi J. 1984. And Justice for All: An Oral History of the Japanese American Detention Camps. New York: Random House.
Vaksberg A. 1994. Stalin Against the Jew. New York: Alfred A Knopf.
Welch D. 2013. Propaganda, Power and Persuasion. London: The British Library. 10.5040/9780755694334
Williams R.E. (ed.) 1956. A Century of Punch. London: Heinemann.
Wistrich R.S. 1991. Anti-Semitism, the Longest Hatred. London: Methuen.
Wynn Jones M. 1971. The Cartoon History of Britain. London: Tom Stacey.
Attwood F., Campbell V., Hunter I.Q. & Lockyer S. (eds) 2013. Controversial Images. Media Representations on the Edge. New York & Basingstoke: Palgrave McMillan.
Bal M. 2003. Visual Essentialism and the Object of Visual Culture. Journal of Visual Culture, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/147041290300200101
Barthes R. 1995. Światło obrazu (‘Light of Image’). Warszawa: Aletheia.
Bouissac P. 2006. Introduction. Gesture, Ritual and Memory. Gesture, vol. 6, pp. 171–176. https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.6.2
Edwards E. 2009. Photography and the Material Performance of the Past. History and Theory, Theme Issue, vol. 48, pp. 130–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2303.2009.00523.x
Edwards E. 2012. The Camera as Historian. Amateur Photographers and Historical Imagination, 1885– 1918. Durham: Duke University Press.
Edwards E. & Hart J. (eds) 2004. Photographs, Objects, Histories. On the Materiality of Images. London & New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203506493
Baraban E.V., Jaeger S. & Muller A. (eds) 2012. Fighting Words and Images: Representing War across the Disciplines. Toronto & Buffalo & London: University of Toronto Press.
Freedberg D. 2005. Potęga wizerunków. Studia z historii i teorii oddziaływania (‘The Power of Images. Studies in the History and Theory of Response’). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
Gamboni D. 1997. The Destruction of Art: Iconoclasm and Vandalism Since the French Revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Hall S. (ed.) 1997. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London & Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Latour B. 1998. A Few Steps towards the Anthropology of the Iconoclastic Gesture. Science in Context, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 63–83, http://www.bruno-latour.fr/sites/default/files/68-FACTISHES-JERUSALEM-2-96-GB.pdf (last accessed on: May 12, 2015).
Mitchell W.J.T. 2005. What Do Pictures Want? The Lives and Loves of Images. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Morin E. 1975. Kino i wyobraźnia (‘Cinema and Imagination’). Warszawa: PIW.
Olechniki K. (ed.) 2003. Obrazy w działaniu. Studia z socjologii i antropologii obrazu (‘Images in Action. Studies in Sociology and Anthropology of Images’). Toruń: UMK.
Rapport N. & Overing J. 2000. Social and Cultural Anthropology. The Key Concepts. London & New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203451137
Sontag S. 2010. Widok cudzego cierpienia (‘Regarding the Pain of Others’). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Karakter.
Zaremba Ł. 2013. Ikonoklaści i ikonofile (‘Iconoclasts and Iconophiles’). Konteksty, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 9–14.
Bain A. 1880. The Emotions and the Will. London: Longman’s.
Bateson G. 1972. Steps to an Ecology of Mind. Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology. Northvale & London: Jason Aronson.
Bergson H. 2008 [1900]. Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. Rockville, MD: Arc Manor.
Bryant M. 1989. World War II in Cartoons. New York: Gallery Books.
Bryant M. 2011. The World’s Greatest War Cartoonists, 1792–1945. London: Grub Street Publishing Co.
Bryant M. 2013. German Cartoonists of the Nazi Era, 1933–1945. Military History Monthly, November 15. http://www.military-history.org/articles/war-culture-witzkrieg.htm (last accessed on: July 27, 2014).
Bytwerk R.L. 2001. Julius Streicher: Nazi Editor of the Notorious Anti-Semitic Newspaper Der Stürmer. New York: Cooper Square Press.
Chaplin C.S. 1964. My Autobiography. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Davies C. 1990. Ethnic Humor Around the World: A Comparative Analysis. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Davies C. 2008. The Danish Cartoons, the Muslims and the New Battle of Jutland. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 2–7, 30–32.
Davies C. 2014. Cartoons, Caricatures and Conflicts: The British Tradition and its East European Rivals. In: Constructing the Other Through the Prism of War: Contested Images in Eastern Europe (1930s to 1950s). Tartu: ELM Scholarly Press, p. 24.
Disher M.W. 1985 [1925]. Clowns and Pantomimes. Salem: Ayer.
Doob L.W. 1950. Goebbels’ Principles of Propaganda. The Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 419–442. https://doi.org/10.1086/266211
Efimov B. 1969 = Ефимов Б. 1969. Борис Ефимов в Известиях. Карикатуры за полвека (‘Boris Efimov in Izvestiya: Cartoons Over Half a Century’). Москва: Известия.
Efimov B. 1944. Hitler and His Gang. With a foreword by David Low. London: Alliance Press.
Freud S. 1928. Humor. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, vol. 9, pt. 1, pp. 1–6.
Goebbels J. 2008 [1934]. Propaganda and Public Enlightenment as Prerequisites for Practical Work in Many Areas. In: Bytwerk R.L. (ed.) Landmark Speeches of National Socialism. US: Texas A&M University Press, pp. 40–51.
Gruner C.R. 1997. The Game of Humor: A Comprehensive Theory of Why We Laugh. New Brunswick & London: Transaction Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315132174
Husband T. 2013. Propaganda Cartoons of World War II. London: Arcturus Publishing Co.
Keltner D. & Bonanno G.A. 1997. A Study of Laughter and Dissociation: Distinct Correlates of Laughter and Smiling During Bereavement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 687–702. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.687
Kozintsev A.G. 2010. The Mirror of Laughter. New Brunswick & London: Transaction Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315133164
Kuipers G. 2008. The Muhammad Cartoon Controversy and the Globalization of Humor. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 7–11, 33–34.
Lewis P. 2008. The Muhammad Cartoon Conflict: Implications for Humor Research and Advocacy. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 11–16, 34–37.
Martin R.A. 2008. Thoughts on the Muhammad Cartoon Fiasco. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 16–21.
Norris S. 2010. Cartoon Allies. Russia Beyond the Headlines, April 2. https://www.rbth.com/articles/2010/04/02/cartoon_allies.html (last accessed on: July 27, 2014).
Oring E. 2008. The Muhammad Cartoon Affair. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 21–26, 37–40.
Plum A. 1998. Die Karikatur im Spannungsfeld von Kunstgeschichte und Politikwissenschaft: Eine ikonologische Untersuchung zu Feindbildern in Karikaturen (‘Caricature Between Art History and Political Science: Iconological Investigation of the Image of the Enemy in Caricatures’). Aachen: Shaker Verlag.
Raskin V. 2008. On the Political Impotence of Humor. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 26–30, 40–42.
Spencer H. 1860. The Physiology of Laughter. Macmillan’s Magazine, vol. 1, March, pp. 395–402.
Tiffney C. 2009. World War II in 100 Cartoons. Sparkford: J.H. Haynes.
Tomkins S.S. 1984. Affect Theory. In: Ekman P. & Scherer K. (eds) Approaches to Emotion. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, pp. 163–196. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315798806
Willeford W. 1969. The Fool and His Scepter: A Study in Clowns and Jesters, and Their Audience. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Borzsák I. 1990. És mégis… (‘And Yet…’) In: I. Borzsák (ed.) Kell-e a latin? (‘Do we Need Latin?’). Budapest: Gondolat, pp. 11–154.
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (‘Brockhaus Encyclopaedia’) 1970. Bd. 11. Wiesbaden.
Demm E. 1988. Der erste Weltkrieg in der internationalen Karikatur (‘WWI in International Caricature’). Hannover: Fackelträger.
Fuchs E. 1916. Der Weltkrieg in der Karikatur (‘WWI in Caricature’). Vol. 1.: Bis zum Vorabend des Weltkriegs (‘To World War’s Eve’). München: Albert Langen.
Hitler A. 1943. Mein Kampf (‘My Fight’). München: Zentralverlag der NSDAP.
Karsen F. 1923. Deutsche Vesuchsschulen der Gegenwart und ihre Probleme (‘German Versuchsschulen of the Present and their Problems’). Leipzig: Dürr’sche Buchhandlung.
Kuhlmann P. 2006. Humanismus und Alte Sprachen im Dritten Reich (‘Humanism and the Old Languages in the Third Reich’). Archiv für Kulturgeschichte, vol. 88, pp. 409–431.
Lasswell H.D. 1971. Propaganda Technique in World War I. London: Cambridge.
Lovász L. 2010. A középiskolai ógörög nyelvoktatás 1850 és 1945 között az ELTE Trefort Ágoston Gyakorlóiskolájának értesítői alapján (‘Ancient Greek Language Teaching between 1850 and 1945 in the Secondary School, as Reflected in the Report Cards of ELTE Trefort Ágoston Grammar School). Kézirat (Manuscript).
Schulz-Besser E. 1918. Die Kriegskarikatur im ersten Weltkrieg (‘War Caricatures in WWI’). Leipzig: Seemann.
Schuster W. 1915. Witz und Satire. Der Humor im Weltkrieg. Sammlung auserwählter zeitgemäßer Kriegs- Zornbilder (‘Joke and Satire. Humour in World War. Collection of Chosen Contemporary Kriegs- Zornbilder’). Mainz: Prickarts.
Sipos B. 2011. Sajtó és hatalom a Horthy-korszakban: politika- és társadalomtörténeti vázlat (‘Press and Power in the Horthy Era: A Political and Social Historical Sketch’). Budapest: Argumentum.
Tamás Á. 2013. From Allies to Enemies: The Two Balkan Wars (1912–1913) in Caricatures. In: Demski D., Sz. Kristóf I. & Baraniecka-Olszewska K. (eds) Competing Eyes: Visual Encounters With Alterity in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest: L’Harmattan, pp. 278–302.
Vásárhelyi M. 1975. Sajtócenzúra, 1939–1944 (‘Censorship of the press, 1939–1944’). In: Márkus L., Szinai M. & Vásárhelyi M. (eds) Nem engedélyezem! A cenzúra bizottság dossziéjából (‘I Do Not Allow! From the Dossier of the Censorship Committee’). Budapest: Kossuth, pp. 5–48.
Sources
The Parkes Archive, University of Southampton, Britain and the Refugee Crisis 1933–1947 collection.
References
Atkins E. 2005. “You must all be Interned”: Identity Among Internees in Great Britain during World War II. The Gettysburg Historical Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 59–92.
Berghahn M. 2007. Continental Britons: German-Jewish Refugees from Nazi Germany. New York & London: Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.3167/9781845450908
Endelman T. 2002. The Jews of Britain 1656 to 2000. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Farbey J., Sharpe R. & Atrill S. 2011. The Law of Habeas Corpus. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Voyage of the St Louis. 2014. In: Holocaust Encyclopaedia. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.Php?ModuleId=10005267 (last accessed on: October 1, 2014).
Kapp Y. & Mynatt M. 1997. British Policy and the Refugees 1933–1941. Abington & New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315036809
Leverton B. & Lowensohn S. (eds) 2003. I Came Alone: The Stories of the Kindertransports. Lewes: Book Guild.
London, L. 2003. Whitehall and the Jews 1933–1948. British Immigration Policy and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Aho J. 1918. Hajamietteitä kapinaviikoilta I (‘Musings from the Weeks of Rebellion’). Helsinki: WSOY.
Halmesvirta A. 2014. Kun ryssä löi vyötärön alapuolelle. Urheilu ja maanpuolustus talvisodan aikana (‘When Russians Hit below the Belt. Sports and Defence during the Winter War’). In: Sironen E. & Roiko-Jokela H. (eds) Urheilu ja sota (‘Sports and War’). Suomen Urheiluhistoriallisen Seuran vuosikirja (‘Yearbook of the Finnish Society of the History of Sports’) 2013–2014. Porvoo: Bookwell Oy, pp. 33–41.
Hänninen V. & Karjalainen J. 2014. Sarjatulta! Sota-ajan suomalaiset pilapiirrokset ja sarjakuvat (‘Sustain Fire! Finnish Cartoons and Comics from the Wartime’). Helsinki: Jalava.
Klinge M. 1983. Vihan veljistä valtiososialismiin (‘From Brothers of Hate to State Socialism’). Porvoo & Helsinki & Juva: WSOY.
Kokkonen J. 2014. Sisu ja urheilu—suomalaisten salaiset aseet (‘Guts and sports—Finnish Secret Weapons’). In: Sironen E. & Roiko-Jokela H. (eds) Urheilu ja sota (‘Sports and War’). Suomen Urheiluhistoriallisen Seuran vuosikirja (‘Yearbook of the Finnish Society of the History of Sports’) 2013–2014. Porvoo: Bookwell Oy, pp. 43–54.
‘Ryssäviha’, Wikipedia, vapaa tietosanakirja (Free Encyclopaedia) (last accessed on: February 24, 2014).
Vares V. 2012. Childlike Masses against True Men of Valour: the Comical Image of the Russians in Finland during the Finnish-Soviet Winter War (1939–1940). In: Vuorinen M. (ed.) Enemy Images in War Propaganda. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 59–61.
Vihavainen T. 2013. Ryssäviha. Venäjän-pelon historia (‘Hatred of the Russian. A History of Fear of Russia’). Helsinki: Minerva.
Vilkuna K.H.J. 2005. Viha. Perikato, katkeruus ja kertomus isostavihasta (‘Hatred. Ruin, Rancor and A Narrative of the Great Wrath’). Historiallisia tutkimuksia 229. Jyväskylä: Gummerus.
Sources
Bundesarchiv Bildarchiv (The Picture Archives of the Federal Archives) Koblenz, collection Bild 183, Germany.
Dokumentationszentrum des Österreichischen Widerstandes (Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance) (DÖW), Austria.
SA-kuva-arkisto (Finnish Wartime Photograph Archive), www.są-kuva.fi (last accessed on: January 7, 2014).
Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung (‘Berlin’s Illustrated Magazine’), 1941–1945.
Die Wehrmacht, 1941–1944.
Hakkapeliitta, 1941–1944.
Illustrierter Beobachter (‘The Illustrated Observer’), 1941–1945.
Suomen Kuvalehti (‘Illustrated Magazine of Finland’), 1941–1944.
References
Blank M. (ed.) 2003. Beutestücke. Kriegsgefangene in der deutschen und sowjetischen Fotografie 1941–1945 (‘Spoils of War. Prisoners of War in German and Soviet War Photographs in 1941–1945’). Berlin: Ch. Links.
Boelcke W. (ed.) 1989. Wollt Ihr den totalen Krieg? Die geheimen Goebbels-Konferenzen 1939–1945 (‘Do You Wish for Total War? The Secret Goebbels Conferences in 1939–1945’). Herrsching: Manfred Pawlak.
Buchbender O. 1978. Das tönende Erz. Deutsche Propaganda gegen die Rote Armee im Zweiten Weltkrieg (‘A Resounding Gong. German Propaganda against the Red Army in the Second World War’). Stuttgart: Seewald.
Buchmann W. 1999. “Woher kommt das Photo?” Zur Authentizität und Interpretation von historischen Photoaufnahmen in Archiven (‘“Where Does the Photo Come from?” On the Authenticity and Interpretation of Archived Historical Photographs’). Archivar, vol. 4, pp. 296–306.
Frolov D. 2012. Kuviin vangitut. Suomalaiset sotavangit valokuvissa (‘Captured in Pictures. Finnish POWs in Photographs’). Helsinki: Edita Publishing Oy.
Glasenapp J. 2012. Vergangenheit und Zukunft. Wie fotografischer Sinn entsteht (‘The Past and the Future. How Meaning is Formed in Photographs’). Fotogeschichte, vol. 124, pp. 5–12.
Hamann C. 2003. Feindbilder und Bilder vom Feind (‘Pictures of Enemies and about Enemies’). In: Blank M. (ed.) Beutestücke. Kriegsgefangene in der deutschen und sowjetischen Fotografie 1941– 1945 (‘Spoils of War. Prisoners of War in German and Soviet War Photographs in 1941–1945’). Berlin: Ch. Links, pp. 16–22.
Hofmann R. 1993. Das Bildarchiv der früheren DDR-Nachrichtenagentur ADN (‘The Photographic Archives of the Former DDR News Agency ADN’). Mitteilungen aus dem Bundesarchiv, vol. 1, pp. 23–25.
Hokkanen P. 2004. Sotavankien käyttö maataloustyövoimana. Esimerkkinä Pohjois-Savo (‘Using POWs as Farming Labour. The Region Pohjois-Savo as an Example’). In: Roiko-Jokela H. (ed.) Vihollisen armoilla. Neuvostosotavankien kohtaloita Suomessa 1941–1948 (‘At the Mercy of the Enemy. Destinies of Soviet POWs in Finland 1941–1948’). Jyväskylä: Minerva, pp. 67–86.
Kinnunen T. & Kivimäki V. (eds) 2012. Finland in World War II. History, Memory, Interpretations. Leiden: Brill.
Kirves J. 2008. “Päivittäinen myrkkyannoksemme”. Sensuuria ja propagandaa jatkosodassa (‘“Our Daily Dose of Poison”. Censorship and Propaganda in the Continuation War’). In: Näre S. & Kirves J. (eds) Ruma sota. Talvi- ja jatkosodan vaiettu historia (‘The Ugly War. The Unspoken History of the Winter and Continuation Wars’). Helsinki: Johnny Kniga Publishing, pp. 13–63.
Kleemola O. 2011. Kaksi kameraa—kaksi totuutta? Omat, liittolaiset ja viholliset rintama- ja TK-miesten kuvaamina. (‘Two Cameras—Two Truths? Finnish Privates and Information Troops Photographing Own, Allied and Enemy Soldiers’). Poliittisen historian tutkimuksia 37. Turku: University of Turku.
Knightley P. 1975. The First Casualty. From the Crimean War to Vietnam. The War Correspondent as Hero, Propagandist and Myth Maker. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovic.
Luostarinen H. 1986. Perivihollinen. Suomen oikeistolehdistön Neuvostoliittoa koskeva viholliskuva sodassa 1941–1944. Tausta ja sisältö (‘Archenemy. The Image of the Soviet Union as an Enemy in the Finnish Right-wing Press During the War 1941–1944. Background and Contents’). Tampere: Vastapaino.
Major Gunnar Waselius’s travel report from Germany 1942. Finnish National Archives, folder T20681/26.
Paul G. 2006. Visual history. Ein Studienbuch (‘Visual history. An Introduction’). Göttingen: Vandhoeck & Ruprecht. https://doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.2.792.v1
Paul G. 2014. Visual History, Version: 3.0. In: Docupedia-Zeitgeschichte. http://docupedia.de/zg/Visual_History_Version_3.0_Gerhard_Paul (last accessed on: June 10, 2014). https://doi.org/10.14765/zzf.dok.2.558.v3
Paulaharju J. & Uosukainen M. 2000. Kamerat—huomio—tulta! Puolustusvoimat kuvaajana. Puolustusvoimien kuvaustoiminta 1918–1999 (‘Cameras—Attention—Fire! The Photographing and Filming Activities of the Finnish Defence Forces 1918–1999’). Helsinki: Puolustusvoimien koulutuksen kehittämiskeskus.
Perko T. 1974. TK-miehet jatkosodassa. Päämajan kotirintaman propaganda 1941–1944 (‘Finnish Information Troops in the Continuation War. Headquarters’ Propaganda for the Home Front’). Helsinki: Otava.
Pietola E. 2005. Sotavangit Suomessa 1941–1944. Dokumentteihin perustuva teos sotavankien käsittelystä Suomessa jatkosodan aikana (‘POWs in Finland 1941–1944. Discussing the Treatment of POWs in Finland during the Continuation War Based on Documents’). Jyväskylä: Gummerus.
Pilke H. 2009. Etulinjan kynämiehet. Suomalaisen sotakirjallisuuden kustantaminen ja ennakkosensuuri kirjojen julkaisutoiminnan sääntelijänä 1939–1944 (‘The Penmen of the Front Line. Regulating the Publication of Finnish War Literature 1939–1944’). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.
Pilke H. 2011. Julkaiseminen kielletty. Rintamakirjeenvaihtajat ja Päämajan sensuuri (‘Publication Forbidden. Front Correspondents and Finnish Headquarters’ Censorship’). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.
Pilke H. 2012. Korsu-uutisia! Rintamalehtien jatkosota (‘Trench News! The Continuation War in Finnish Front Journals’). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.
Pilke H. & Kleemola O. 2013. Suomi taisteli. Kuvat kertovat (‘Finland Fought. Pictures Talk’). Helsinki: Readme.fi.
Pimiä T. 2009. Tähtäin idässä. Suomalainen sukukansojen tutkimus toisessa maailmansodassa (‘Aiming at the East. The Finnish Research on Kindred Nations in the Second World War’). Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities 124. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä.
Porkka R. 1983. Sodasta kuvin. TK-valokuvaus 1941–1944 (‘Pictures about War. Photographing Activities of the Finnish Information Troops 1941–1944’). Helsinki: Suomen valokuvataiteen museon säätiö.
Sairila T. 2004. Puna-armeijan naissotureita. Naiset suomalaisilla vankileireillä 1941–1944 (‘Female Warriors of the Red Army. Women in Finnish Prisoner Camps 1941–1944’). In: Roiko- Jokela H. (ed.) Vihollisen armoilla. Neuvostosotavankien kohtaloita Suomessa 1941–1948 (‘At the Mercy of the Enemy. Destinies of Soviet POWs in Finland 1941–1948’). Jyväskylä: Minerva, pp. 145–186.
Salminen E. & Suvanne K. 1989. Kuvien sota 1939–1945. Propagandalehtiset talvi- ja jatkosodassa (‘The War of Pictures 1939–1945. Propaganda Leaflets in the Winter and Continuation Wars’). Helsinki: Otava.
Sontag S. 2011. Über Fotografie (‘On Photography’). Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch.
Stahr H. 2004. Fotojournalismus zwischen Exotismus und Rassismus. Darstellungen von Schwarzen und Indianern in Foto-Text-Artikeln deutscher Wochenillustrierter, 1919–1939 (‘Photojournalism between Exoticism and Racism. The Presentation of Blacks and Indians in German Illustrated Magazines in 1919–1939’). Hamburg: Verlag Dr Kovac.
Streit C. 1997. Keine Kameraden. Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen 1941–1945 (‘No Comrades. The Wehrmacht and the Soviet POWs 1941–1945’). Bonn: J.H.W. Dietz Nachf.
Uziel D. 2008. The Propaganda Warriors. The Wehrmacht and the Consolidation of the German Home Front. Bern: Peter Lang.
Vares V. 2012. Childlike Masses against True Men of Valour. The Comical Image of the Russians in Finland During The Finnish-Soviet Winter War (1939–1940). In: Vuorinen M. (ed.) Enemy Images in War Propaganda. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 15–34.
Volkmann H. (ed.) 1994. Das Russlandbild im Dritten Reich (‘The Image of Russia in the Third Reich’). Köln: Böhlau.
Vuorinen M. 2012. Introduction: Enemy Images as Inversions of the Self. In: Vuorinen M. (ed.) Enemy Images in War Propaganda. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 1–13.
Sources
Cīņa (‘Struggle’). 1940–1941, 1944–1945. Rīga.
Daugavpils Latviešu Avīze (‘Daugavpils Latvians’ Newspaper’). 1941. Daugavpils.
E 74—Fund of the Repository of the Ethnographic Material at the Institute of Latvian History at the University of Latvia
Humorists (‘Humourist’). 1943–1944. Rīga.
Tēvija (‘Fatherland’). 1941–1945. Rīga.
References
Anttonen P.J. (ed.) 1996. Making Europe in Nordic Contexts. Turku: Nordic Institute of Folklore.
Apine I. 2007. Mazākumtautību loma vēsturē un mūsdienās. Multikulturālas sabiedrības izveidošanās un attīstība (‘Role of Minorities in the Latvian History and Nowadays. Formation and Development of the Multicultural Society’). In: Dribins L. (ed.) Mazākumtautības Latvijā. Vēsture un tagadne (‘Minorities in Latvia. History and Present’). Rīga: LU FSI, ĪUMSILS, pp. 9–25.
Bērks P. 1998. Vēsture kā sociālā atmiņa (‘History as Social Memory’). In: Ķīlis R. (ed.) Atmiņa un vēsture: no antropoloģijas līdz psiholoģijai (‘Memory and History: From Anthropology to Psychology’). Rīga: N.I.M.S., pp. 30–44.
Boldāne I. 2012. Latviešu etniskie stereotipi 20. gs. Beigās—21. gs. Sākumā: Vēstures faktoru ietekme (‘Ethnic Stereotypes of the Latvians at the End of the 20th Century—in the Beginning of the 21st Century: Influence of Historical Factors’). Promocijas darbs. Doktora grāda iegūšanai vēstures nozarē. Apakšnozare: etnoloģija. Rīga: LU.
Cohen A.P. & Rapport N. (eds) 1995. Questions of Consciousness. London & New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203449486
Dribins L. 2002. Ebreji Latvijā (‘Jews in Latvia’). Rīga: Elpa.
Erlahs I. 1941. Karikatūra kā kaŗa ierocis (‘Cartoon as a Weapon of War’). Daugavas Vēstnesis, November 16, p. 3.
Flīgere Ē. (ed.) 1995. Latviešu periodika (‘Latvian Periodicals’), vol. 4: 1940–1945. Rīga: Latvijas Akadēmiskā bibliotēka.
Freeman M. 1993. Rewriting the Self. History, Memory, Narrative. London & New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315674599
Friedman J. 1992. The Past in the Future: History and the Politics of Identity. American Anthropologist, vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 837–859. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1992.94.4.02a00040
Herman E. & Chomsky N. 2006. A Propaganda Model. In: Durham M. & Kellner D. (eds) Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 204–230.
Kangeris K. 2007. Baigā gada izpēte vācu okupācijas laikā: vēsture starp zinātni un propaganda (‘The Studies of the Year of Horror during the German Occupation: Between the Science and the Propaganda’). In: Ērglis Dz. (ed.) Okupētā Latvija 1940–1991 (‘Occupied Latvia 1940–1991’). Latvijas Vēsturnieku komisijas raksti, 19. sēj. Rīga: Latvijas vēstures institūts, pp. 190–218.
Kõresaar E. 2005. Collective Memory and the Politics of Experience in Estonians post–Soviet Life Stories. In: Ronstrom O. & Palmenfelt U. (eds) Memories and Visions. Tartu: Tartu University Press, pp. 45–87.
Löfgren O. 1989. The Nationalization of Culture. Ethnologia Europea, vol. 19, pp. 5–25. https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1386
Oļehnovičs D. 2004. Caricature as a “Weapon of War”: Some Tendencies in Nazi Propaganda. In: Ērglis Dz. (ed.) Latvija nacistiskās okupācijas varā, 1941–1945: starptautiskās konferences referāti, 2003. gada 12.–13. jūnijā (‘Latvia under the Nazi Occupation Power, 1941–1945: Papers of an International Conference’). Latvijas Vēsturnieku komisijas raksti, 11. sēj. Rīga: Latvijas vēstures institūta apgāds, pp. 30–40.
Oļehnovičs D. & Zellis K. 2005. Laikraksta “Tēvija” karikatūras kā nacistiskās okupācijas režīma propagandas līdzeklis (1941–1945) (‘The Cartoons in Newspaper “Tēvija” as a Propaganda’ Tools of the Nazi Occupation Regime (1941–1945)’). Latvijas Vēsture, no. 1, pp. 47–65.
Pratkanis A. & Aronson E. 2001. Age of Propaganda: The Everyday Use and Abuse of Persuasion. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co.
Rirdāns E. 1942. Trijotne (‘The Threesome’). Rīga: E. Kreišmaņa apgāds.
Saleniece I. 2004. Vērmahta karavīri Latvijas iedzīvotāju atmiņā (pēc mutvārdu vēstures avotiem) (‘Wehrmacht Soldiers in the Memory of the People of Latvia (According to Oral Sources of History)’). In: Ērglis Dz. (ed.) Latvija nacistiskās okupācijas varā, 1941–1945: starptautiskās konferences referāti, 2003. gada 12.–13. jūnijā (‘Latvia under the Nazi Occupation Power, 1941–1945: Papers of an International Conference’). Latvijas Vēsturnieku komisijas raksti, 11. sēj. Rīga: Latvijas vēstures institūta apgāds, pp. 40–47.
Smith A.D. 1997. = Smits E.D. 1997. Nacionālā identitāte (‘National Identity’). Rīga: AGB.
Stepens O. 2007. Padomju propaganda Latvijā Vācijas un PSRS kara sākumā: 1941. g. 22. jūnijs–8. Jūlijs (‘Soviet Propaganda in Latvia at the Beginning of the War between Germany and the USSR, 22 June–8 July 1941’). In: Ērglis Dz. (ed.) Okupētā Latvija 1940–1990. Latvijas vēsturnieku komisijas 2005. gada pētījumi (‘Occupied Latvia 1940–1990. Studies of the Latvian Commission of Historians in 2005’). Latvijas Vēsturnieku komisijas raksti, 19. sēj. Rīga: Latvijas Vēstures institūta apgāds, pp. 99–120.
Stranga, A. 2008. Ebreji Baltijā. No ienākšanas pirmsākumiem līdz holokaustam: 14. gadsimts–1945. Gads (Jews in the Baltic States. From the Early Days of Arriving till the Holocaust: 14th Century–1945). Rīga: LU žurnāla “Latvijas Vēsture” fonds.
Tajfel H. (ed.) 1982. Social Identity and Intergroup Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zellis K. 2012. Ilūziju un baiļu mašinērija.Propaganda nacistu okupētajā Latvijā: vara, mediji un sabiedrība (1941–1945) (‘Machinery of Illusion and Fear. Propaganda in Nazi Occupied Latvia: Regime, Media and Society (1941–1945)’). Rīga: Mansards.
Ziemele I. (ed.) 2001. Mazākumgrupu (minoritāšu) integrācijas aspekti Latvijā (‘Integration aspects of minorities in Latvia’). Rīga: LU Juridiskās fakultātes Cilvēktiesību institūts.
Žvinklis A. 2004. Foto un kino dokumenti par holokaustu Latvijā (‘Photo and Films Documents on the Holocaust in Latvia’). In: Ērglis Dz. (ed.) Holokausta izpēte Latvijā. Starptautisko konferenču materiāli, 2003. gada 12.–13. jūnijs, 24. oktobris, Rīga un 2002.–2003. gada pētījumi par holokaustu Latvijā (‘Studies on the Holocaust in Latvia in 2002–2003’). Latvijas Vēsturnieku komisijas raksti, 12. sēj. Rīga: Latvijas Vēstures institūta apgāds, pp. 164–186.
Arnold K. 1941. Die Ratten verlassen den Dreck (‘The Rats Are Leaving the Dirt’). Simplicissimus, no. 45, November 5, p. 705.
Baur N. & Hofmeister H. 2008. Some Like Them Hot: How Germans Construct Male Attractiveness. The Journal of Men’s Studies, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 280–300. https://doi.org/10.3149/jms.1603.280
Benjamin A. 2008. Particularity and Exceptions: On Jews and Animals. South Atlantic Quarterly, vol. 107, pp. 71–87.
Bock G. 1998. Ordinary Women in Nazi Germany: Perpetrators, Victims, Followers, and Bystanders. In: Ofer D. & Weitzman L.J. (eds) Women in the Holocaust. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, pp. 85–100.
Bryant M. 2008. Streicher, Fips & Der Stürmer. History Today, August, pp. 60–61.
Carr R. 2003. Nazism and the Christian Heritage. History Review, December, pp. 24–25.
Coupe W.A. 1998. Cartoons of the Third Reich. History Today, vol. 48, pp. 26–32.
Dmitrów E. 1997. Obraz Rosji i Rosjan w propagandzie narodowych socjalistów 1933–1945. Stare i nowe stereotypy (‘The Image of Russia and Russians in the Propaganda of National Socialists 1933–1945. Old and New Stereotypes’). Warszawa: Instytut Studiów Politycznych.
Fips 1942. Agenten des Teufels (‘Agents of the Devil’). Der Stürmer, December.
Frevert U. 1988. Women in German History. From Bourgeois Emancipation to Sexual Liberation. Oxford & Hamburg & New York: Berg.
Gruber M. von 1939. Hygiene des Geschlechtslebens (‘Hygiene of Sexual Life’). Heyn W. (ed.). Berlin: Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft Roth & Co.
Gulbransson O. 1943. Im Bauche des Bären (‘In the Bear’s Belly’). Simplicissimus, no. 50, December 15, p. 641.
Jensen U. 2007. Into the Spiral of Problematic Perceptions: Modern Anti-Semitism and gebildetes Bürgertum in Nineteenth-Century Germany. German History, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 348–371. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266355407079908
Johnson A. 1942. Stalin Englisch gesehen (‘Stalin from the English Point of View’). Kladderadatsch, no. 52, p. 4.
Kramer N. 2011. Volksgenossinnen an der Heimatfront: Mobilisierung, Verhalten, Erinnerung (‘Female Comrades on the Home Front: Mobilisation, Behaviour, Memory’). Munich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Lazari A. de, Riabow O. & Żakowska M. 2013. Europa i niedźwiedź (‘Europe and a Bear’). Warszawa: Centrum Polsko-Rosyjskiego Dialogu i Porozumienia.
Liebel V. 2010. Die Politische Karikatur im Stürmer—Eine dokumentarische Bildinterpretation (‘Political Caricature in Stürmer—a Documental Interpretation of Cartoons’). Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, vol. 11, pp. 55–74.
Maack B. 2008. Frühe Männermagazine. Ausreden fürs Ausziehen (‘Early Men’s Magazines. Excuses for Undressing’). Spiegel Online, October 2, http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/fruehe-maennermagazine-a-947945.html (last accessed on: October 1, 2014).
Maiwald S. & Mischler G. 2003. Seksualność w cieniu swastyki. Świat intymny człowieka w polityce Trzeciej Rzeszy (‘Sexuality in the Shade of the Swastika. Human’s Intimate World in the Policy of the Third Reich’). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Trio.
Mason T. 1995. Women in Germany, 1925–1940. Family, Welfare and Work. In: Caplan J. (ed.) Nazism, Fascism and the Working Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 131–211.
Menéndez M.I. 2009. Aproximación teórica al concepto de prensa femenina (‘A Theoretical Approach to the Concept of Female Press’). Comunicación y Sociedad, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 277–297. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.22.36264
Mouton M. 2010. From Adventure and Advancement to Derailment and Demotion: Effects of Nazi Gender Policy on Women’s Careers and Lives. Journal of Social History, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 945–971. https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh.0.0361
N.N. 1942. Edens Wunschtraum (‘Eden’s Dream’). Kladderadatsch, no. 9, March 1, p. 5.
Pine L. 2010. Education in Nazi Germany. Oxford & New York: Berg.
Robins R.S. & Post J.M. 1997. Political Paranoia. The Psychology of Hatred. Yale: Yale University Press.
Rosaldo M.Z. 1980. The Use and Abuse of Anthropology. Reflections on Feminism and Cross-Cultural Understanding. Signs, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 391–416. https://doi.org/10.1086/493727
Roudinesco E. 2009. Nasza mroczna strona. Z dziejów perwersji (‘Our Dark Side. The History of Perversion’). Warszawa: Czytelnik.
Sala Rose R. 2006. Wegetarianizm (‘Vegetarianism’). In: Sala Rose R. Krytyczny słownik mitów i symboli nazizmu (‘Critical Dictionary of Nazi Myths and Symbols’). Warszawa: Sic!, pp. 261–265.
Schilling E. 1941. Der Dressurakt (‘Act of Training’). Simplicissimus, no. 28, July 9, p. 1.
Schilling E. 1943. Roosevelt und der Bolschevismus (‘Roosevelt and Bolshevism’). Simplicissimus, no. 9, March 3, p. 129.
Schulz W. 1943. Sowjetischer Massensturm (‘Soviet Massive Storm’). Simplicissimus, no. 34, August 25, p. 451.
Sharp J.P. 2000. Condensing the Cold War: Reader’s Digest and American Identity. Minneapolis & London: University of Minnesota Press.
Wackerfuss A. 2013. The Myth of the Unknown Storm Trooper: Selling SA Stories in the Third Reich. Central European History, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 298–324. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008938913000629
Waschik K. 2005 = Вашик К. 2005. Метаморфозы зла: немецко-русские образы врага в плакатной пропаганде 30–50-х годов (‘Metamorphoses of Evil: German-Russian Images of the Enemy in Poster Propaganda from the 1930s–1950s’). In: Дыдков Л. & Конрадова М. (eds) Образ врага (‘The Image of an Enemy’). Москва: Объединенное Гуманитарное издательство, pp. 191–229.
Welch D. 1993. The Third Reich. Politics and Propaganda. London & New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203930144
Zimmermann K. 1933. Die geistigen Grundlagen des Nationalsozialismus (‘The Spiritual Basis of National Socialism’). Leipzig: Quelle & Meyer.
Żakowska M. 2013. The Bear and his Protégés. Life in the Balkan Kettle According to the German-language Caricatures of the Belle Époque. In: Demski D., Sz. Kristof I. & Baraniecka-Olszewska K. (eds) Competing Eyes: Visual Encounters With Alterity in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest: L’Harmattan, pp. 304–329.
Sources
ERAF f.78 n.1 s.189-197; 354th fire team of the 7th rifle division.
ERAF f.78 n.1 s.370-371; 86th medical-sanitary battalion of the 7th rifle division.
ERAF f.78 n.1 s.39-41; political section of the 7th rifle division.
ERA f.4416 n.2 s.1058-1065; archive for the newspaper Postimees.
References
Aulich J. & Sylvestrová M. 1999. Political Posters in Central and Eastern Europe 1945–95: Signs of the Times. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Berger P.L. 1997. Redeeming Laughter: The Comic Dimension of Human Experience. Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110810660
Davies C. 1990. Ethnic Humor Around the World: A Comparative Analysis. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Davies C. 1999. Jokes on the Death of Diana. In: Walter T. (ed.) The Mourning for Diana. Oxford & UK: Berg, pp. 253–268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003087113-21
Davies C. 2002. Mirth of Nations. New Brunswick & London: Transaction Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315133171
Davies C. 2008. Post-Socialist, Socialist and Never-Socialist Jokes and Humour: Continuities and Contrasts. In: Krikmann A. & Laineste L. (eds) Permitted Laughter: Socialist, Post-Socialist and Never- Socialist Humour. Tartu: ELM Scholarly Press, pp. 17–40.
Graham S. 2009. Resonant Dissonance. The Russian Joke in Cultural Context. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Kalmre E. 2012. The Human Sausage Factory. A Study of Post-War Rumour in Tartu. Amsterdam & New York: Rodopi.
Kessel M. 2012a. Introduction. Landscapes of Humour: The History of Politics of the Comical in the Twentieth Century. In: Kessel M. & Merziger P. (eds) The Politics of Humour: Laughter, Inclusion and Exclusion in the Twentieth Century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 3–21.
Kessel M. 2012b. Talking War, Debating Unity: Order, Conflict and Exclusion in ‘German Humour’ in the First World War. In: Kessel M. & Merziger P. (eds) The Politics of Humour: Laughter, Inclusion and Exclusion in the Twentieth Century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 82–107.
Kõresaar E. 2011. Introduction. Remembrance Cultures of World War II and the Politics of Recognition in Post-Soviet Estonia: Biographical Perspectives. In: Kõresaar E. (ed.) Soldiers of Memory: World War II and its Aftermath in Estonian Post-Soviet Life Stories. New York & Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789042032446_002
Kuipers G. 2005. “Where was King Kong When we Needed Him?” Public Discourse, Digital Disaster Jokes, and the Functions of Laughter after 9/11. Journal of American Culture, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 70–84.
Laineste L. 2003. Take It with a Grain of Salt: The Kernel of Truth in Topical Jokes. Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore, vol. 21, pp. 7–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7592/FEJF2002.21.jokes
Laineste L. 2010. The Frighteningly Funny Foreigner: Caricatures of the Other in Estonian Interwar Public Discourse. In: Demski D. & Baraniecka-Olszewska K. (eds) Image of the Other in Ethnic Caricatures of Eastern and Central Europe. Warsaw: IAE PAN, pp. 92–121.
Lutz R.H. 1933. Studies of World War Propaganda, 1914–1933. The Journal of Modern History, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 496–516. https://doi.org/10.1086/236062
Martin R.A. 2007. The Psychology of Humor. An Integrative Approach. Burlington: Elsevier. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.45-2902
Merziger P. 2007. Humour in Nazi Germany: Resistance and Propaganda? The Popular Desire for an All-Embracing Laughter. International Review of Social History, vol. 52, pp. 275–290. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859007003240
Merziger P. 2012. Humour in the Volksgemeinschaft: The Disappearance of Destructive Satire in National Socialist Germany. In: Kessel M. & Merziger P. (eds) The Politics of Humour: Laughter, Inclusion and Exclusion in the Twentieth Century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 131–152. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442695122-008
Moyle L.R. 2004. Drawing Conclusions: An Imagological Survey of Britain and the British and Germany and the Germans in German and British Cartoons and Caricatures, 1945–2000. Online publication of Electronic Library of Osnabrück Universität, http://repositorium.uni-osnabrueck.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2005020415/2/E-Diss389_thesis.pdf (last accessed on: September 9, 2014).
Murray C. 2000. Rhetoric and Response: Superheroes and World War Two. In: Magnussen A. & Christiansen H.C. (eds) Comics and Culture. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, pp. 141–156.
Oring E. 1992. Jokes and Their Relations. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203787892
Stokker K. 1997. Folklore Fights the Nazis: Humour in Occupied Norway 1940–1945. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Taylor P.M. 2011. Mõtterelv. Propaganda ajalugu vanaajast tänapäevani (‘Munitions of the Mind. The History of Propaganda from the Ancient World to the Present Day’). Tallinn: Eesti Ekspressi Raamat.
Thompson E.M. 1991. Nationalist Propaganda in the Soviet Russian Press, 1939–1941. Slavic Review, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 385–399. https://doi.org/10.2307/2500213
Weinberg M.G. & Gulas C.S. 1992. The Impact of Humor in Advertising: A Review. Journal of Advertising, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1992.10673384
Wertch J.V. 2009. Collective Memory. In: Boyer P. & Wertsch J. (eds) Memory in Mind and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–137.
Sources
Magazine Kocúr (1919–1945).
Archive of Matica slovenská, Martin, Fund of ‘earmarked correspondence’.
Literature and Art Archives of Slovak National Library, Martin.
Archives of the Nation’s Memory Institute, funds KS ZNB S—ŠtB Banska Bystrica, shredded decisions.
References
Bystrický V. 1997. Vysťahovanie českých štátnych zamestnancov zo Slovenska v rokoch 1938–1939 (‘The Eviction of the Czech State Employees from Slovakia in 1938 and 1939’). Historický časopis, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 596–611.
Gabzdilová S. 2004. Nemecká komunita v živote slovenskej spoločnosti 1938–1945 (‘The German Community in the Life of Slovakia 1938–1945’) Človek a spoločnosť, vol. 7, no. 3. http://www.Clovekaspolocnost.sk/en/rocnik-7-rok-2004/3/studie-a-clanky/nemecka-komunita-v-zivote-slovenskej-spolocnosti-1938-1945/ (last accessed on: October 10, 2014).
Gabzdilová S. & Olejník M. 1998. Nemecká menšina na Slovensku po roku 1918 so zameraním na oblasť Spiša (‘The German Minority in Slovakia since 1918 with the Focus on Spis’). Človek a spoločnosť, vol. 4, no. 2. http://www.saske.sk/cas/archiv/4-98/index.html (last accessed on: September 28, 2014).
Horváthová M. 2002. Nemci na Slovensku (‘Germans in Slovakia’). Bratislava & Dunajská Streda: Fórum Lilium Aurum.
Kamenec I. 2007. On the Trail of Tragedy: The Holocaust in Slovakia. Bratislava: Hajko & Hajkova.
Kemnitz T.M. 1973. The Cartoon as a Historical Source. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 81–93. https://doi.org/10.2307/202359
Košťálová P. 2012. Stereotypní obrazy a etnické mýty. Kulturní identita Arménie (‘Stereotypical Images and Ethnic Myths. The Cultural Identity of Armenia’). Praha: Slon.
Krekovičová E. 2006. Cigán fiškálom (‘Gypsy Being a Fiscal’). Os, vol. 10, nos 1–2, pp. 140–153.
Krekovičová E. & Panczová Z. 2013. Visual Representations of “Self” and “Others”: Images of the Tratior and the Enemy in Slovak Political Cartoons, 1861–1910. In: Demski D., Sz. Kristóf I. & Baraniecka-Olszewska K. (eds) Competing Eyes: Visual Encounters With Alterity in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest: L’Harmattan, pp. 462–487.
Rázus M. 1937. Nelze vyhověti (‘Not suitable’). Slovák, August 11, p. 2.
Rychlík J. 1989. K otázke postavenia českého obyvateľstva na Slovensku v rokoch 1938–1945 (‘On the Question of the Position of Czech Inhabitants in Slovakia in 1938–1934’). Historický časopis, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 403–424.
Sabov P. 2009. Jozef G. Cincík ako karikaturista (‘Cincík as a Caricaturist’). Biografical studies, vol. 27. Martin: Slovak National Library. http://www.snk.sk/swift_data/source/NbiU/Biograficke%20studie/27/bs27_164_165.pdf (last accessed on: July 22, 2014).
Švec A. 1988. Politická karikatúra na Slovensku (1861–1985) (‘Political caricature in Slovakia (1861– 1985)’). Bratislava: Tatran.
Austin J.L. 1962. How to do Things with Words. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
Alichnowicz K. 2006a. “Miejsce dla kpiarza”: satyra w latach 1948–1955 (‘A Place for a Scoffer: Satire in 1948–1955’). Kraków: Universitas.
Alichnowicz K. 2006b. “Prawdziwa skala polityczna”. O przestrzeni w socrealistycznej satyrze (‘True Political Scale. On Space in Social Realistic Satire’). Teksty Drugie, vol. 4, pp. 94–101.
Cheng Y. 2009. Creating the New Man: From Enlightenment Ideals to Socialist Realities. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Fătu-Tutoveanu A. 2013. “America is Sad”: Images of Crisis and Media Construction of an American Anti-utopia in Early Cold War Communist Propaganda. Caietele Echinox, vol. 25, pp. 237–251.
Gamson W.A. & Stuart D. 1992. Media Discourse as a Symbolic Contest: The Bomb in Political Cartoons. Sociological Forum, vol. 7, pp. 55–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01124756
Głowiński M. 2009. Nowomowa i ciągi dalsze: szkice dawne i nowe (‘Newspeak and Continuations: Old and New Sketches’). Kraków: Universitas.
Jarecka U. 2008. Propaganda wizualna słusznej wojny: media wizualne XX wieku wobec konfliktów zbrojnych (‘Visual Propaganda of a Just War: Visual Media in 20th Century in the Face of Military Conflicts’). Warszawa: Wydanictwo IfiS PAN.
Kaźmierczak J. 2009. The Community That Never Was: The European Defense Community and Its Image in Polish Visual Propaganda of the 1950s. Journal of Cold War Studies, vol. 11, pp. 118–141. https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2009.11.4.118
Kaźmierczak J. 2011. “English Warmongers” and the Polish Press (Review). Polish-AngloSaxon Studies, vols 14–15, pp. 201–203.
Ketchum A. 1990. The Search for Uncle Sam. History Today, vol. 40, pp. 20–25.
Kuchta A. 2012. Język w służbie iluzji, czyli o czym “mówi” nowomowa? (‘Languge at the Service of Illusion: What About the Newspeak Speaks?’) Magazyn antropologiczno-społeczno-kulturowy, vol. 14, pp. 17–32.
Lipoński W. 1990. Anti-American Propaganda in Poland From 1948 to 1954: A Story of An Ideological Failure. American Studies International, vol. 28, pp. 80–92.
Łukaszewicz-Alcaraz A. 2013. Obraz—akt wizualny (‘Image—A Visual Act’). In: Bieszczad L. (ed.) Zwrot performatywny w estetyce. Kraków: Libron, pp. 321–332.
Nadzhafov D.G. 2004. The Beginning of the Cold War between East and West: The Aggravation of Ideological Confrontation. Cold War History, vol. 4, pp. 140–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/14682740412331391845
Pechatnov V. 2001. Exercise in Frustration: Soviet Foreign Propaganda in the Early Cold War, 1945–47. Cold War History, vol. 1, pp. 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/713999921
Schieffelin E.L. 1985. Performance and the Cultural Construction of Reality. American Ethnologist, vol. 12, pp. 707–724. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1985.12.4.02a00070
Schieffelin E.L. 1998. Problematizing Performance. In: Hughes-Freeland F. (ed.) Ritual, Performance, Media. London & New York: Routlege, pp. 194–207. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203449943
Taylor M. 1992. John Bull and the Iconography of Public Opinion in England c. 1712–1929. Past and Present, no. 134, pp. 93–128.
Witkowska J. 2006. Polityka–media–dezinformacja—demaskowanie wroga w prasie komunistycznej w Polsce na przykładzie Wielkiej Brytanii (‘Politics–Media–Disinformation. Exposing of an Enemy in Polish Communist Press on the Example of Great Britain’). Global Media Journal—Polish Edition, vol. 2, pp. 164–175.
Witkowska J. 2008. Creating False Enemies: John Bull and Uncle Sam as Food for Anti-Western Propaganda in Poland. Journal of Transatlantic Studies, vol. 6, pp. 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14794010802184309
Witkowska J. 2009. The Image of United Kingdom in Poland during the Stalinist Period. Szczecin: Wydawnictwa Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego.
Abramov A. 1948 = Абрамов А. 1948. “Русский вопрос”—тема, герой, фильм (‘“Russian Question”— The Theme, the Hero, and the Film’). Искусство кино, no. 2, pp. 13–17.
Aleksandrov G. 1976 = Александров Г. 1976. Эпоха и кино (‘The Epoch and Cinema’). Москва: Политиздат.
Barth F. 1969. Introduction. In: Barth F. (ed.) Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. London: Bergen, pp. 9–38.
Beumers B. 2009. A History of Russian Cinema. Oxford & New York: Berg Publishers.
Caute D. 2005. The Dancer Defects: the Struggle for Cultural Supremacy during the Cold War. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Clark S. 2000. Cold Warriors: Manliness on Trial in the Rhetoric of the West. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Collins P.H. 2000. Gender, Black Feminism, and Black Political Economy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 568, no. 1, pp. 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271620056800105
Crenshaw K.W. 1991. Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039
Davies S. 2004. Soviet Cinema and the Early Cold War: Pudovkin’s Admiral Nakhimov in Context. In: Mitter R. & Major R. (eds) Across the Blocs: Cold War Cultural and Social History. London: Routledge, pp. 49–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/14682740312331391734
Dobrenko Y. 2008. Stalinist Cinema and the Production of History. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Enloe C.H. 1983. The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Eriksen T.H. 2002. The Sexual Life of Nations: Notes on Gender and Nationhood. Kvinner, køn og forskning, no. 2, pp. 52–65. https://doi.org/10.7146/kkf.v0i2.28291
Fedorov A. 2010 = Федоров А. 2010. Образы холодной войны: проекция политики противостояния на экране (‘The Images of the Cold War: Projections of the Politics of Confrontation to the Screen’). Полис, no. 4, pp. 48–64.
Frank J.D. 1967. Sanity and Survival: Psychological Aspects of War and Peace. New York: Random House.
Gillespie D. 2002. Russian Cinema. New York: Longman.
Goscilo H. & Lanoux A. 2006. Introduction: Lost in the Myths. In: Goscilo H. & Lanoux A. (eds) Gender and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Russian Culture. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, pp. 3–29.
Grachiov V. 1950 = Грачев В. 1950. Вопросы семейной морали в киноискусстве (‘The Issues on the Family Morality in the Art of Cinema’). Искусство кино, no. 2, pp. 11–15.
Griffith R. 2001. The Cultural Turn in Cold War Studies. Reviews in American History, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 150–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2001.0007
Haynes J. 2003. New Soviet Man: Gender and Masculinity in Stalinist Soviet Cinema. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Heller D. 2005. A Passion for Extremes: Hollywood’s Cold War Romance with Russia. Comparative American Studies, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 89–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477570005048081
Hooper Ch. 2001. Manly States: Masculinities, International Relations, and Gender Politics, New York: Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/hoop12074
Jackson T. 2000. The Manchurian Candidate and the Gender of the Cold War. Literature-Film Quarterly, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 34–40.
Jakobson A. 1952 = Якобсон А. 1952 Шакалы (‘The Jackals’). Москва: Советский писатель.
Johnston G. 2010. Revisiting the Cultural Cold War. Social History, vol. 35. no. 3, pp. 290–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2010.486581
Kaganovsky L. 2008. How the Soviet Man Was Unmade: Cultural Fantasy and Male Subjectivity Under Stalin. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qh907
Kackman M. 2005. Citizen Spy: Television, Espionage, and Cold War Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Kenez P. 1992. Cinema and Soviet Society, 1917–1953. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kenez P. 2008. The Picture of the Enemy in Stalinist Films. In: Norris S.M. & Torlone Z.M. (eds) Insiders and Outsiders in Russian Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 96–112.
Kokoreva I. 1959 = Кокорева И. 1959. В защиту справедливости (‘In Defense of Justice’). Искусство кино, no. 2, pp. 29–32.
Laville H. 2006. “Our Country Endangered by Underwear”: Fashion, Femininity, and the Seduction Narrative in Ninotchka and Silk Stockings. Diplomatic History, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 623–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.2006.00571.x
Lavrenev B.A. 1952 = Лавренев Б.А. 1952. Голос Америки (‘The Voice of America’). Москва, Искусство.
Norris S.M. & Torlone Z.M. (eds) 2008. Insiders and Outsiders in Russian Cinema. Bloomington: In-diana University Press.
May E.T. 1988. Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era. New York: Basic Books.
Plan meropriyatii 2005 = План мероприятий по пропаганде среди населения идей советского патриотизма: документ Агитпропа, 18 апр. 1947 (‘The Plan on Reinforcement of the Anti-American Propaganda in the Near Future’). In: Наджафов Д.Г. (eds) Сталин и космополитизм, 1945- 1953: документы Агитпропа ЦК КПСС (‘Stalin and Comsomolism, 1945–1953: Agitprops’ Documents’). Москва: Демократия, pp. 110–125.
Poiger U.G. 2000. Jazz, Rock, and Rebels: Cold War Politics and American Culture in a Divided Germany. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Riabov O.V. 2012 = Рябов О.В. 2012. “Мистер Джон Ланкастер Пек”: Американская маскулинность в советском кинематографе Холодной войны (1946–1963) (‘”Mr. John Lancaster Peck”: American Masculinity in the Soviet Cold War Cinema’). Женщина в российском обществе, no. 4, pp. 44–57.
Rikhter Dz. 1997 = Рихтер Дж. 1997. Идеологии о роли женщины в обществе в США и России в период “холодной войны” (‘Cold War Ideologies on the Social role of Women in the US and Russia’). Женщина в российском обществе, no. 3, pp. 38–41.
Rollberg P. 2008. Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema. Lanham & Toronto & Plymoth: Scarecrow Press.
Shaw T. 2007. Hollywood’s Cold War. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625239.001.0001
Shaw T. & Youngblood D. 2010. Cinematic Cold War: The American and Soviet Struggle for Hearts and Minds. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim270040163
Solovev A. 1951 = Соловьев А. 1951. Драматургия кинопроизведений, посвященных борьбе за мир (‘Dramatic Composition of Films Devoted to the Struggle for Peace’). Искусство кино, no. 2, pp. 21–34.
Stalin I.V. 1946 = Сталин И.В. 1946. О речи Черчилля: Ответ корреспонденту Правды (‘On Mr. Churchill’s Speech: Interview with Pravda’). Правда, March 14.
Steans J. 2010. Revisionist Heroes and Dissident Heroines: Gender, Nation and War in Soviet Films of “the Thaw”. Global Society, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 401–419.
Tickner J.A. 2001. Gendering World Politics: Issues and Approaches in the Post-Cold War Era. New York: Columbia University Press.
Trybmach S. 2002 = Трымбач С. 2002 Вечный Довженко и Новый Йорк (‘Eternal Dovzhenko and New York’). День, no. 105.
Turovskaya M. 1993. Soviet Films of the Cold War. In: Taylor R. & Spring D. (eds) Stalinism and Soviet Cinema. London & New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315003078
Verdery K. 1994. From Parent-State to Family Patriarchs: Gender and Nation in Contemporary Eastern Europe. East European Politics and Societies, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 225–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325494008002002
Yuval-Davis N. 1997. Gender and Nation. London & Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Zhdanov A.A. 2005 [1946] = Жданов А. 1946. Стенограмма выступления А.А. Жданова на совещании ЦК КПСС по вопросам кино, 26 апреля 1946 (‘Verbatim Transcript of A.A. Zhdanov’s Speech on CC of the CPSU Devoted on the Cinema Issues, April 26, 1946’). In: Андерсон К. Et al (eds) Кремлевский кинотеатр, 1928–1953: документы (‘Kremlin Cinema, 1928–1953: Documents’). Москва: РОССПЭН, pp. 723–726.
Arnold M. 1932. Culture and Anarchy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Benedyktowicz Z. 2000. Portrety “obcego”. Od stereotypu do symbolu (‘Portraits of the Other. From Stereotype to Symbol’). Kraków: Wyd. UJ.
Bostrom N. 2007. Are you living in a computer simulation? Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 57, no. 211, pp. 243–255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9213.00309
Burszta W.J. 2013. Kotwice pewności. Wojny kulturowe z pop nacjonalizmem w tle (‘Anchors of Certainty. Cultural Wars with Pop Nationalism in the Background). Warszawa: Wyd. Iskry.
Bystroń 1995. Megalomania narodowa (‘National Megalomania’). Warszawa: Wyd. Książka i Wiedza.
Caillois R. 1995. Człowiek i sacrum (‘Man and the Sacred’). Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Volumen.
Curtius 1997. Literatura europejska i łacińskie średniowiecze (‘European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages’). Kraków: Wyd. Universitas.
Demski D. 2013. Playing with Otherness: Within and Beyond Stereotypes in Visual Representations. In: Demski D., Baraniecka-Olszewska K. & Sz. Kristóf I. (eds) Competing Eyes: Visual Encounters with Alterity in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest: L’Harmattan, pp. 68–93.
Demski D. & Baraniecka-Olszewska K. (eds) 2010. Images of the Others in Ethnic Caricatures of Central and Eastern Europe. Warszawa: IAE PAN.
Dybowska A., Żaryn J. & Żaryn M. 1998. Polskie dzieje. Od czasów najdawniejszych do współczesności (‘Polish History. From the Beginnings to Contemporary Times). Warszawa: Wyd. Naukowe PWN.
Gałęzowski M. 2010. II Rzeczpospolita (‘Second Polish Republic’). In: Dziurok A., Gałęzowski M., Kamiński Ł. & Musiał F. (eds) Od niepodległości do niepodległości. Historia Polski 1918 – 1989 (‘From Independence to Independence. The History of Poland 1918–1980). Warszawa: Wyd. IPN.
Goffman E. 2007. Piętno. Rozważania o zranionej tożsamości (‘Stigma. Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity’). Gdańsk: GWP.
Huxley A. 1988. Nowy wspaniały świat (‘Brave New World’). Warszawa: Wyd. Literackie.
Johnson L. 1979. The Cultural Critics. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Makowiecki A.Z. 1996. Norma to głupota, degeneracja zaś to geniusz (‘Stupidity is Normality, Degeneration is Genius’). In: Dąbek-Wirgowa T. & Makowiecki A.Z. (eds) Obraz głupca i szaleńcaw kulturach słowiańskich (‘The Image of a Fool and Madman in Slavic Cultures’). Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Polonistyki, pp. 135–140.
Myśliwski W. 2008. Kamień na kamieniu (‘Stone upon a Stone). Kraków: Wyd. Znak.
Myśliwski W. 2004. Kres kultury chłopskiej (‘The End of Rural Culture’). Twórczość, vol. 4, pp. 53–61.
Obrębski J. 1936. Problem grup etnicznych w etnologii i jego socjologiczne ujęcie (‘Ethnic Groups in Ethnology through a Sociological Approach’). Przegląd Socjologiczny, vol. 4, nos 1–2, pp. 177–195.
Olędzki J. 1971. Kultura artystyczna ludności kurpiowskiej (‘Art and Culture of Kurps’). Wrocław: Ossolineum.
Otto R. 1993. Świętość. Elementy irracjonalne w pojęciu bóstwa i ich stosunek do elementów racjonalnych (‘The Idea of the Holy. An Inquiry into the Non-Rational Factor in the Idea of Divine and its Relation to the Rational’). Wrocław: Wyd. Thesaurus Press.
Perzanowski A. 2009. Odmieńcy. Antropologiczne studium dewiacji (‘Mistfits. Antroplogical Study of Deviation’). Wrocław: Wyd. UWr.
Pomian K. 1990. Europa i jej narody (‘Europe and Her Nations’). Warszawa: PIW.
Postman N. 2004. Technopol. Triumf techniki nad kulturą (‘Technopoly. The Surrender of Culture to Technology’). Warszawa: Wyd. Muza SA.
Robotycki Cz. 1980. Tradycja i obyczaj w środowisku wiejskim. Studium etnologiczne wsi Jurgów na Spiszu (‘Tradition and Customs in Folk Society. Ethnological Study of Jurgów Village in Spisz). Wrocław: Ossolineum.
Said E.W. 1991. Orientalizm (‘Orientalism’). Warszawa: PIW.
Schindler 2002. Ludzie prości, ludzie niepokorni... Kultura ludowa w początkach dziejów Nowożytnych (‘Simple People and Rebellious People. Folk Culture at the Beginning of Modern Era’). Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna.
Sontag S. 2009. O fotografii (‘On Photograpy’). Kraków: Karakter.
Stomma L. 2002. Antropologia kultury wsi polskiej XIX w. oraz wybrane eseje (‘Anthropology of Polish Folk Culture in 19th Century. Selected Essays’). Łódź: Piotr Dopierała.
Styk J. 1999. Chłopi i wieś polska. W perspektywie socjologicznej i historycznej (‘Peasants and Polish Villages in Sociological and Historical Perspective’). Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS.
Turner V. 2010. Proces rytualny. Struktura i antystruktura (‘The Ritual Process. Structure and Anti-Structure’). Warszawa: PIW.
Waldenfels B. 2002. Topografia obcego (‘The Areas of the Other’). Warszawa: Oficyna Naukowa.
Waldenfels H. 1995. Fenomen chrześcijaństwa wśród religii świata (‘Phenomenon of Christianity among World’s Religions’). Warszawa: Verbinum.
Węglarz St. 1994. Chłopi jako obcy. Prolegomena (‘Peasants as Strangers. Prolegomenon’). In: Burszta W.J. & Damrosz J. (eds) Pożegnanie paradygmatu? Etnologia wobec współczesności. Studia poświęcone pamięci profesora Józefa Burszty (‘End of a Paradigm? Ethnology of the Present. Studies Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Joseph Burszta’). Warszawa: Instytut Kultury, pp. 78–101.
Znaniecki F. 1930–1931. Studia nad antagonizmem do obcych (‘Studies of Antagonism to Strangers’). Przegląd Socjologiczny, vol. 1, pp. 158–209.
Arend S. 2013. Art Historians as Actors in Occupied Poland 1939–1945. In: Grossmann U. & Krutisch P. (eds) The Challenge of the Object. Der Herausforderung des Objekts, vol. 2. Nürnberg: Germanisches Nationalmuseum, pp. 496–500.
Edwards E. 2012a. The Camera as Historian. Durham: Durham University Press.
Edwards E. 2012b. Photography, Survey and the Desire for History. Insights, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 2–12.
Evans A.D. 2010. Anthropology at War. World War One and the Science of Race in Germany. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226222691.001.0001
Grisebach H. 1917. Das Polnische Bauernhaus (‘The Polish Farmhouse’). Berlin: Gea.
Górny M. 2013. Krieg der Karten. Geographen und Grenzziehungen in Ostmittel- und Südosteuropa, 1914–1920 (‘War of the Maps. Geographies and Boundaries in Central-East and South-East Eur-ope’). Střed/Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries, no. 1, pp. 9–40.
Holzer A. 2012. Die andere Front. Fotografie und Propaganda im Ersten Weltkrieg (‘The Other Front. Photograph and Propaganda in WWI’). Darmstadt: Primus Verlag.
Jamski P. & Manikowska E. 2006. Na szkle zapamiętane. Warszawa: Instytut Sztuki PAN.
Jaroševičius A. 1912. Lietuvių kryžiai (‘Lithuanian Crosses’). Vilnius: J. Zavadzkio spaustuvė.
Joschke C. 2014. Les yeux de la nation—Photographie amateur et société dans l’Allemagne de Guillaume II (1888–1914) (‘The Eyes of a Nation. Amateur Photography and Society in Germany at the Time of Wilhelm II (1888–1914)’). Paris: Les presses du réel.
Liulievicius G. 2000. War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity and German Occupation in World War I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Manikowska E. 2011. Building the Cultural Heritage of a Nation. The Photo Archive of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Monuments at the Twilight of the Russian Empire. In: Caraffa C. (ed.) Photo Archives and the Photographic Memory of Art History. Berlin & München: Dt. Kunstver, pp. 279–288.
Piłsudski B. 1922. Krzyże i kapliczki przydrożne (‘Roadside Crosses and Chapels’). Kraków: Bibljoteka “Orlego Lotu”.
Rudnyćkyj S. 1916. Ukraina. Land und Volk. Eine gemeinfassliche Landeskunde (‘Ukraine. Land and People. A General Landeskunde’). Wien: Bund zur Befreiung der Ukraina.
Safran G. 2010. Wandering Soul. The Dybbuk’s Creator, S. An-sky. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674058583
Sosnowski P. 1919. Geografia Polski w dawnych granicach (‘The Geography of Poland in the Historic Borders’). Warszawa: PTK.
Schlichting R. & Osman 1917. Bilder aus Litauen (‘Pictures from Lithuania’). Kowno [Kaunas]: Kownoer Zeitung.
Sokolova A.V. 2007. Photographs for the “Album of Jewish Artistic Antiquities”, vol. 4, part 1-2. St Petersburg: Petersburg Judaica.
Wardenga U. 2006. German Geographical Thought and the Development of Länderkunde. Inforgeo, vol. 18–19, pp. 127–147.
Wieś i miasteczko (‘Village and Town’) 1916. Warszawa: Gebethner i Wolff.
Winter J. 2006. Remembering War. The Great War Between Memory and History in the Twentieth Century. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300127522
Wunderlich E. (ed.) 1917. Handbuch von Polen: Beiträge zu einer allgemeinen Landeskunde: auf Grund der Studienergebnisse der Mitglieder der Landeskundlichen Kommission beim Generalgouvernement Warschau (‘Handbook of Poland. Contributions to a General Landeskunde Based on the Scientific Outcomes of the Landeskundlichen Kommission beim Generalgouvernement Warschau’). Berlin: D. Reimer (E. Vohsen).
Zadrożny T. 2008. Okiem Freya i Grundmanna: o wystawie ‘Kunstwerke und Kunstdenkmäler im ehemaligen Polen’ otwartej w październiku 1939 roku (‘Through Frey’s and Grundmann’s Lenses: On the Exhibition Kunstwerke und Kunstdenkmäler im ehemaligen Polen, October 1939’). Biuletyn Historii Sztuki, pp. 513–540.
Abiline T. 2014. Kui Tallinnas pääses põrgu valla (‘When Hell was Let Loose in Tallinn’). Pealinn, March 3.
Burke P. 2001. Eyewitnessing. The Users of Images as Historical Evidence. London: Reaktion Books Ltd.
Foucault M. 1980. Power and Knowledge. New York: Pantheon Books.
Fussell P. 2000. The Great War and Modern Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kaivola-Bregenhøj A. 2000. Miks me mäletame nii, nagu me mäletame? (‘Why Do I Remember as I Do?’). Mäetagused, vol. 15, pp. 35–47.
Kalmre E. 2007. Hirm ja võõraviha sõjajärgses Tartus. Pärimuslooline uurimus kannibalistlikest kuulujuttudest (‘Fear and Hatred of the Other in Post-War Tartu: A Folkloristic Study of Rumours of Cannibalism’). Tartu: ELM Scholarly Press.
Kalmre E. 2013. The Human Sausage Factory. A Study of Post-War Rumour in Tartu. Amsterdam & New York: Rodopi Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401209731_001
Koetzle H.M. 2008. Photo Icons: The Story Behind the Picture 1928–1991. Vol. 2. Köln: Taschen.
Kriisa L. 1941. Tartu. Bolševikkude poolt hävitatud linnaosi. Dorpat. Von den Bolschewikken Zerstörte Stadtteile (‘Tartu. Districts Destroyed by the Bolsheviks’). Tartu: Noor-Eesti trükikoda.
Linnap P. 2002. Sõda ja rahu Eesti militaarfotograafias (‘War and Peace in Estonian Military Photog-raphy’). Sirp, May 17, available at http://www.sirp.ee/archive/2002/17.05.02/Film/film1-5.html (last accessed on: December 12, 2014).
Linnap P. 2006. Fotoloogia (‘Photology’). Dissertationes Semioticae Universitatis Tartuensis 10. Tartu. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/handle/10062/186 (last accessed on: December 12, 2014).
Linnap P. 2007. Silmakirjad: Kirjutisi fotograafiast ja visuaalkultuurist 1986–2006 (‘Eyescripts: Writings on Photography and Visual Culture 1986–2006’). Tartu: Tartu Art College.
Lotman J. 1992. Animafilmide keelest (‘On the Language of Animated Movies’). Teater. Muusika. Kino, no. 4, pp. 72–74.
Peter R. 1949. Dresden, eine Kamera klagt an (‘Dresden, the Camera Accuses’). Dresden: Dresdener Verlagsgesellschaft.
Ranne R. 2014. Tallinna propagandamasin vaikis märtsipommitajad maha (‘The Tallinn Propaganda Machine Hushed up the March Bombing’). Eesti Ekspress, March 13. http://ekspress.delfi.ee/news/paevauudised/tallinna-propagandamasin-vaikis-martsipommitajad-maha?id=68225331 (last accessed on: December 12, 2014).
Bauman Z. 2000. Ponowoczesność jako źródło cierpień (‘Postmodernity and its Discontents’). Warszawa: Sic!.
Demski D. 2013. Playing With Otherness: Within and Beyond Stereotypes in Visual Representations. In: Demski D., Sz. Kristóf I. & Baraniecka-Olszewska K. (eds) Competing Eyes: Visual Encounters with Alterity in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest: L’Harmattan, pp. 68–99.
Eco U. 2011. Wymyślanie wrogów i inne teksty okolicznościowe (‘Inventing the Enemy and Other Occasional Writings’). Poznań: Dom Wydawniczy Rebis.
Edwards E. & Hart J. 2005. Introduction. In: Edwards E. & Hart J. (eds) Photographs, Objects, Histories. On the Materiality of Images. London & New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203506493
Etkind A. 2013. Warped Mourning. Stories of the Undead in the Land of the Unburied. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Fabian J. 2000. Time and the Work of Anthropology. Critical Essays 1971–1991. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315076966
Gamboni D. 2007 (1997). The Destruction of Art. Iconoclasm and Vandalism since the French Revolution. London: Reaktion Books.
Golon M. 2003. Powstanie pomnika wdzięczności Armii Czerwonej w Toruniu w 1946 roku (‘The Erection of the Monument of Gratitude for the Red Army in Toruń in 1946’). Rocznik Toruński, vol. XXX, pp. 161–180.
Grzesiuk-Olszewska I. 2003. Warszawska rzeźba pomnikowa (‘Warsaw Monumental Sculpture’). Warszawa: Neriton.
Mitchell W.J.T. 1986. Iconology. Image, Text, Ideology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mitchell W.J.T. 2005. What Do Pictures Want? The Lives and Loves of Images. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
McLuhan M. 1975. Wybór pism (‘Selection of Writings’). Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe.
Nijakowski L.M. 2006. Domeny symboliczne. Konflikty narodowe i etniczne w wymiarze symbolicznym (‘The Symbolic Domains. National and Ethnic Conflicts in Symbolic Dimension’). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
Pipes R. 2010. Rosja bolszewików (‘Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime’). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo MAGNUM.
Rotter L. 2013. Wpływy ludowe i historyczne w mundurologii na przykładzie wojsk radzieckich (‘Folk and Historic Influences in the Soviet Army Costumes’). In: Dąbrowski S., Jaworska K. & Szetalnicki W.W. (eds) Wojska radzieckie w Polsce 1939–1993 (‘The Soviet Army in Poland 1939–1993’). Legnica: Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa im. Witelona, pp. 417–425.
Skiba Cz. 2004. Pomniki Nieznanego Żołnierza. Świat i Polska (‘The Monuments of the Unknown Soldier. In the World and in Poland’). Warszawa: Dom Wydawniczy Bellona.
Tazbir J. 2000. Warszawskie pomniki narodowej chwały i hańby (‘Warsaw Monuments of National Glory and Shame’). In: Mórawski K. & Stawarz A. (eds) Warszawa. O czym mówią pomniki i kamienie (‘Warsaw. What the Monuments and Stones Say’). Warszawa: Muzeum Niepodległości, pp. 13–29.
Tuan Y.F. 1987. Przestrzeń i miejsce: perspektywa doświadczania (‘Space and Place. The Perspective of Experience’). Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
Wallis A. 1971. Socjologia i kształtowanie przestrzeni (‘Sociology and Shaping of Space’). Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
Wallis A. 1985. Pamięć i pomnik (‘Memory and Monument’). In: Kulpińska J. (ed.) Społeczeństwo i socjologia. Księga poświęcona Profesorowi Janowi Szczepańskiemu (‘Society and Sociology. The Book in Honour of Professor Jan Szczepański’). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, pp. 309–316.
Warner M. 1996. Monuments and Maidens: The Allegory of the Female Form. London: Vintage Random House.
Whelan Y. 2005. Mapping Meanings in the Cultural Landscape. In: Ashworth G.J. & Graham B. (eds) Senses of Place: Senses of Time. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company, pp. 61–71. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315243467
Young J.E. 1993. The Texture of Memory. Holocaust, Memorials and Meaning. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
Zieliński F. 2007. Szata ideologiczna miasta—architektura i strój (‘The Ideological Layout of the City— Architecture and Costume’). In: Krajewski M. (ed.) Wizualność miasta. Wytwarzanie miejskiej ikonosfery (‘Visuality of the City. Generating Urban Iconosphere’). Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, pp. 11–33.
Burke P. 2001. Eyewitnessing: The Uses of Images as Historical Evidence. London: Reaktion Books.
Dijk T.A. van 2006. Ideology and Discourse Analysis. Journal of Political Ideologies, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 115–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569310600687908
Flusser V. 2000. Towards a Philosophy of Photography. London: Reaktion Books.
Freedberg D. 1989. The Power of Images. Studies in the History and Theory of Response. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Górnikowska-Zwolak E. 2000. Szkic do portretu Ślązaczki. Refleksja feministyczna (‘Study of a Portrait of a Silesian Woman. Feminist Reflection’). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Śląskiego.
Karczyńska H. 1996. Towarzystwa kobiece i ich rola w życiu narodowym i społecznym w czasie powstań śląskich i plebiscytu (‘Women’s Society and their Role in National and Social Life During the Silesian Uprisings and the Plebiscite’). In: Karczyńska H. (ed.) Udział kobiet w polskim ruchu narodowym na Górnym Śląsku i Śląsku Cieszyńskim w XIX i XX wieku (‘The Participation of Women in the Polish National Movement in Upper Silesia and Cieszyn Silesia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’). Opole: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Śląskiego, pp. 86–95.
Kociuba M. 2010. Antropologia poznania obrazowego. Rola obrazu i dyskursu w poznawczym ujmowaniu świata (‘Anthropology of Imaging Cognition. The Role of Image and Discourse in the Cognitive Recognition of the World’). Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej.
Korfanty W. 1927. Ćwierć wieku wysiłku. Nowe czasy, Nowe zadania (‘A Quarter of a Century of Effort. New Times. New Tasks’). Głos Polek, vol. 6, p. 7.
Kossakowska-Jarosz K. 1996. Kobieta górnośląska w opinii krytyków kultury masowej (‘Woman from Upper Silesia as seen by the Critics of Mass Culture’). In: Karczyńska H. (ed.) Udział kobiet w polskim ruchu narodowym na Górnym Śląsku i Śląsku Cieszyńskim w XIX i XX wieku (‘The Participation of Women in the Polish National Movement in Upper Silesia and Cieszyn Silesia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’). Opole: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Śląskiego, pp. 96–109.
Kowalczyk I. 2003. Matka Polska kontra Supermatka (‘Polish Mother versus Super-Mother’). Czas Kultury, vol. 5, pp. 31–43.
Kowalczyk I. 2010. Ambiwalentne piękno (‘An Ambivalent Beauty’). In: Pejić B. (ed.) Płeć? Sprawdzam! Kobiecość i męskość w sztuce Europy Wschodniej (‘Gender? Check! Femininity and Masculinity in the Art of Eastern Europe’). Warszawa: Zachęta Narodowa Galeria Sztuki, pp. 29–35.
MacKinnon C. 1982. Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: An Agenda for Theory. Signs, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 515–544. https://doi.org/10.1086/493898
Magala S. 1978. Fotografia jako element teatralizacji życia społecznego (‘Photography as an Element of Theatricalization of a Social Life’). Fotografia, vol. 4, pp. 6–11.
Marek F.A. 1996. Zmieniająca się rola kobiet na Górnym Śląsku w obronie wartości kultury (‘The Changing Role of Women in Upper Silesia in Defense of Cultural Values’). In: Karczyńska H. (ed.) Udział kobiet w polskim ruchu narodowym na Górnym Śląsku i Śląsku Cieszyńskim w XIX i XX wieku (‘The Participation of Women in the Polish National Movement in Upper Silesia and Cieszyn Silesia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’). Opole: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Śląskiego, pp. 15–19.
Milivojević S. 2004. Žene i mediji: strategije isključivanja (‘Women and Media: Strategies of Exclusion’). GENERO, vol. 3, pp. 11–24.
Monczka-Ciechomska M. 1992. Mit kobiety w polskiej kulturze (‘The Myth of Women in Polish Culture’). In: Walczewska S. (ed.) Głos mają kobiety (‘Women Have Voice’). Kraków: Convivium.
Moranjak-Bamburać N., Jusić T. & Isanović A. (eds) 2006. Stereotyping: Representation of Women in Print Media in South East Europe. Sarajevo: MEDIACENTAR.
Olechnicki K. 2000. Antropologiczne penetracje wizualnych przestrzeni rzeczywistości (‘Anthropological Penetration of Visual Reality Space’). Kultura i Społeczeństwo, vol. 4, pp. 109–140.
Papić Ž. 1989. Sociologija i feminizm (‘Sociology and Feminism’). Beograd: Istraživačko-izdavački centar SSO Srbije.
Pejić B. 2010. Proletariusze wszystkich krajów, kto pierze wam skarpetki? Równość, dominacja i różnorodność w sztuce wschodnioeuropejskiej (‘Workers of the World, Who Washes your Socks? Equality, Dominance and Diversity in the Art of Eastern Europe’). In: Pejić B. (ed.) Płeć? Sprawdzam! Kobiecość i męskość w sztuce Europy wschodniej (‘Gender? Check! Femininity and Masculinity in the Art of Eastern Europe’). Warszawa: Zachęta Narodowa Galeria Sztuki, pp. 13–23.
Pink S. 2007. Doing Visual Ethnography: Images, Media and Representation in Research. London: Cromwell Press.
Pollock G. 1977. What’s Wrong with Images of Women? In: Parker R. & Pollock G. (eds) Framing Femin-ism. London: Pandora/Routledge, pp. 132–138.
Sekula A. 2010. Społeczne użycia fotografii (‘Social Use of Photography’). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
Sztandara M. 2006. Fotografia etnograficzna i “etnograficzność” fotografii. Studium z historii myśli etnologicznej i fotografii II poł. XIX i I poł. XX wieku (‘Ethnographic Photography and its “Ethnographicness”. Study into History of Ethnologic Idea and Photography from the Second half of the 19th Century to the First half of the 20th Century’). Opole: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego.
Toniak E. 2008. Olbrzymki. Kobiety i socrealizm (‘Giantess. Women and Social Realism’). Kraków: Korporacja Ha!art.
Turnau I. 1986. Ubiór jako znak (‘Clothing as a Sign’). Lud, vol. 70, pp. 67–84.
Włoch W. 2009. Społeczna funkcja ideologii (‘The Social Function of Ideology’). In: Lisiecki M. (ed.) Sztuki wizualne jako nośniki ideologii (‘Visual Arts as a Medium of Ideology’). Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, pp. 22–39.
Wściekłość Bojany Pejić. Wywiad przy okazji wystawy Gender Check w warszawskiej Zachęcie (‘Rage of Bojana Pejić. Interview on the Occasion of the Exhibition Gender Check in the “Zachęta” Gallery in Warsaw’). 2010. A discussion with Izabela Kowalczyk, Dorota Łagodzka, Edyta Zierkiewicz. http://www.obieg.pl (last accessed on: March 10, 2011).
Sources
Śląsk. Miesięcznik Ilustrowany (‘Silesia. Monthly Illustrated’) 1946, no. 1; no. 2; nos 3–4; nos 5–6; no. 7; nos 8–9.
Śląsk. Miesięcznik Ilustrowany (‘Silesia. Monthly Illustrated’) 1947, nos 2–3; nos 4–5; nos 6–7; nos 8–9.
Augustyn A. 2009. Pocztówki w służbie powojennej propagandy—rozmowa z prof. P. Banasiem (‘Postcards in the Service of the Post-War Propaganda—Interview with Prof. P. Banaś’). Gazeta Wyborcza, http://wroclaw.gazeta.pl/wroclaw/1,35771,7123648,Pocztowki_w_sluzbie_powojennej_propagandy.Html?as=1 (last accessed on: November 13, 2014).
Assmann J. 2008. Pamięć kulturowa. Pismo, zapamiętywanie i polityczna tożsamość w cywilizacjach starożytnych (‘Cultural Memory and Early Civilization: Writing, Remembrance, and Political Imagination’). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
Banaś P. 2009. Oswajanie Ziem Odzyskanych: Dolny Śląsk na pocztówkach pierwszej powojennej dekady (‘Familiarising the Regained Territory: Lower Silesia on Postcards of the First Post-War Decade’). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo “Korporacja Polonia”.
Bieniek S. 1965. Piotr Włostowic, postać z dziejów średniowiecznego Śląska (‘Piotr Włostowic, the Figure of the History of Medieval Silesia’). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, http://www.Mediewistyka.pl/content/view/85/40/ (last accessed on: August 29, 2014).
Kabzińska I. 2000. Przestrzeń—pamięć—tożsamość. Elementy przestrzeni (miejsca) we wspomnieniach ekspatriantów z byłych kresów wschodnich (‘Space—Memory—Identity. Elements of Space (Place) in the Memories of Expatriates from the Former Eastern Borderlands’). Literatura Ludowa, vol. 2. pp. 3–22.
Kaczmarek R. 2004. Niemiecka polityka narodowościowa na Górnym Śląsku 1939–1945 (‘German National Policy in Upper Silesia 1939–1945’). Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość. Pismo Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, vol. 2. pp. 115–138.
Kossakowska-Jarosz K. 2003. Idea “małej ojczyzny” w sposobach myślenia o śląskiej przestrzeni kulturowej (‘Idea of the “Little Motherland” in the Ways of Thinking about the Silesian Cultural Space’). In: Trojan M. (ed.) Ich małe ojczyzny. Lokalność, korzenie i tożsamość w warunkach przemian (‘Their Little Motherland. Locality, Roots and Identity in Times of Changes’). Wrocław: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, pp. 33–52.
Maciejewska B. 2008. Tak ginęło miasto (‘So Perished the City’). Gazeta.pl, http://wroclaw.gazeta.pl/wroclaw/1,35762,5169914.html#ixzz3CC4bCiLs (last accessed on: February 9, 2014).Nora P. 2001. Czas pamięci (‘Time of Memory’). Res Publica Nova, no. 7, pp. 37–43.
Olechnicki K. 2003. Antropologia obrazu (‘Anthropology of Image’). Warszawa: Oficyna Naukowa.
Poczykowski R. 2010. Lokalny wymiar pamięci. Pamięć zbiorowa i jej przemiany w północno-wschodniej Polsce (‘Local Dimension of Memory. Collective Memory and its Transformation in the North- Eastern Poland’). Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku.
Polski dziki zachód (‘The Polish Wild West’) 2005. Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, vols 9–10, http://ipn.gov.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/45530/1-3952.pdf (last accessed on: August 25, 2014).
Popiołek K. 1976. Śląskie dzieje (‘Silesian History’). Warszawa & Kraków: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Posern-Zieliński A. 2005. Tożsamość a terytorium. Perspektywa antropologiczna (‘Identity and Territory. Anthropological Perspective’). Przegląd Zachodni, vol. 3, http://www.iz.poznan.pl/pz/pz/21_2005_3_wybrany_art.pdf (last accessed on: March 28, 2014).Ricoeur P. 2006. Pamięć, historia, zapomnienie (‘Memory, History, Forgetting’). Kraków: Universitas.
Rozmowa z profesorem Ryszardem Kaczmarkiem 2010 (‘Interview with Professor Ryszard Kaczmarek’), http://wyborcza.pl/duzyformat/1,127291,8501287,Co_czwarty_Slazak_i_Kaszub.html?as=1 (last accessed on: January 9, 2014).
Wallis A. 1979. Informacja i Gwar (‘Information and Noise’). Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
Wielecki H. 1985. Dzieje polskiej rogatywki (‘The History of the Polish Four-Cornered Cap’). Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy “Nasza Księgarnia”.
Wierzbicka A. 1999. Język—umysł—kultura (‘Language—Mind—Culture’). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Żygulski Z. (Jr.) & Wielecki H. 1988. Polski mundur wojskowy (‘Polish Military Uniform’). Kraków: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza.
Bryson N. 1983. Vision and Painting: the Logic of the Gaze. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
Freud S. 2005 = Фрейд З. 2005. Толкование сновидений (‘Interpretation of Dreams’). Mосква: СТД.
Freud S. 2006 = Фрейд З. 2006. Шутка в ее отношении к бессознательному (‘Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious’). Mосква: Издательство Харвест.
Gombrich E. 1960. Art and Illusion. A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation. London: Phaidon.
Gombrich E. 1963. Meditations on a Hobby Horse and Other Essays on the Theory of Art. London: Phaidon.
Gombrich E. 1979. The Sense of Order. Study in the Psychology of Decorative Art. Oxford: Phaidon.
Gombrich E. 1982. The Image and the Eye. Further Studies in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation. Oxford: Phaidon.
Gombrich E. & Kris E. 1938. The Principles of Caricature. British Journal of Medical Psychology, vol. 17, pp. 319–342, http://gombricharchive.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/showdoc85.pdf (last accessed on: January 13, 2015).
Kosolapov A. 2005. To Destroy a Picture is in Practical Sense the Same as to Kill the Person. http://www.Portal-credo.ru/site9 (last accessed on: September 1, 2014).
Lévi-Strauss C. 2000 = Леви-Стросс К. 2000. Путь масок (‘The Way of the Masks’). Mосква: Республика.
Limanskaya L. & Shvets E. 2014. To the Problem of the Deconstruction of Images of Socialist Ideals in Russian Sots Art: Psychoanalytic Aspect. Journalism and Mass Communication, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 710–718.
Lorenz K. 1998 = Лоренц К. 1998. Оборотная сторона зеркала (‘The Reverse Side of the Mirror’). Mосква: Республика.
Lotman Y. 1998 = Лотман Ю. 1998. Об искусстве (‘About Art’). Санкт-Петербург: Искусство СПБ.
Mitchell T. 1994. Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mitchell T. 2005. There Are No Visual Media. Journal of Visual Culture, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470412905054673
The First National Congress of Soviet Writers = Первый Всесоюзный съезд советских писателей: Стеногр. Отчет. 1934.
Yurkov S. 2003 = Юрков С. Е. 2003. От лубка к “Бубновому валету”: гротеск и антиповедение в культуре “примитива” (‘From the Popular Prints to the “Jack of Diamonds”: Grotesque and Antibehavior in the Culture of “Primitive”’). In: Юрков С.Е. Под знаком гротеска: антиповедение в русской культуре, XI–начало XX в (‘Under the Sign of the Grotesque: Antibehavior in Russian Culture, 11th–early 20th Centuries’). Санкт-Петербург: Летний сад, pp. 177–187.
Zimenko V. 1962 = Зименко В. 1962. Образ великого Ленина в произведениях советского изобразительного искусства (‘The Image of the Great Lenin in the Works of Soviet Art’). Москва: Искусство.