Oldal 51 [51]
OCR
INTERFERENCE IN LITERARY TEXTS WRITTEN IN FRENCH BY RUSSIAN-FRENCH AUTHORS mouillees, la biere degoulinait par terre” is notable for the word-order inversion. The syntax of the sentence “Au debut, [...], il naissait chez lui une pitie mélée de terreur” is identical to the impersonal Russian sentence "B HeM pox Aaaocn...” ‘in him was born...’*° As for adverbs ending with “ment”, no cases of interference were found. A long but frequent adverb “précautionneusement”** occurs more than 200 times in the Frantext corpus. As in the novels by A. Makine, in Education nocturne (1994) by L. Jurgenson a series of adverbs ending with “ment” neighbor in the same sentence: “précautionneusement,” “discrètement,” “réellement.” The language of the novel Acné festival (1999) by I. Gran is colloquial, it is not pretentious, bookish, as in the novels by A. Makine, V. Fédorovski, L. Jurgenson and partly by V. Afanassiev. There are repetitions, for example, “Ce n'était pas le coup de foudre, à notre âge le coup de foudre n’arrive pas ou alors c'est de la littérature, le coup de foudre préfère les jeunots”.”” However, this example cannot be considered a lexico—morphological and syntactic interference with certainty. Repetition does not necessarily indicate the influence of Russian and has similar functions in both French and Russian. In the same novel by I. Gran, there are a lot of examples of an inversive word order, which can be called syntactic interference. Here are three of them: “vers la salle de bains je me dirige”,*® “dans un four je me sens”,® “de me réconcilier j'ai envie”.*° CONCLUSION In the literary texts between 1990 and 2000 written by contemporary RussianFrench bilingual authors, several cases of interference, referringto Weinreich’s meaning of this term, can be found. However, the novel Les Deux sceurs (1997) by V. Fédorovski seems to have no cases of interference. The novels written by A. Makine, L. Jurgenson, and I. Gran have some stylistic traits that remind one of the Russian language. It is possible to find them, but quite difficult to consider all of them to be examples of interference." 34 Tbid., 306. 3% Ibid., 183. “Précautionneusement, il inclina la tête et tâcha de soulever discrètement les pans de son pantalon pour voir si, réellement, ses chevilles n'avaient pas changé de volume” (Jurgenson: Éducation nocturne, 62). 3? Tegor Gran: Acné festival, Paris, P.O.L., 1999, 29. 38 Ibid., 62. 3° Ibid., 70. Ibid., 147. * The interference can also be detected by computational stylometric methods. Baleevskikh’s observations about interference in the novels by A. Makine, for instance, are made without using stylometric techniques. There is a difference in the use of definite articles and demonstratives by Russian—French bilingual writers and French monolingual contemporary writers. > S «49 «
