Oldal 14 [14]
OCR
INTRODUCTION The studies in this volume have emerged out of several international events including four international workshops in November and December 2021 concentrating on zero-type code-switching, a symposium organized on codeswitching with unknown languages by the International Comparative Literature Association in July 2022, and an international conference on codeswitching in arts.”’ All of these events included not only academic presentations but also artistic reflections, which led to very fruitful discussions between artists and researchers. A few of these artists have been “Elephant-Zookeepers” as Natasha Lvovich called the multilingual artists based on a story related to Roman Jacobson and Vladimir Nabokov, who have not only artistic but academic backgrounds as well.”” The contributions to this book were therefore structured into academic and artistic contributions. Besides the above—mentioned events, a group of international researchers supported by Karoli Gaspar University Budapest and the University of Bielefeld have been meeting regularly to synchronize their research on code-switching. We have learned very much from each other’s work and feedbacks, and the process will go on even after the publishing of this book.” In the opening study of the first section dedicated to literary code-switching and entitled The Politics and Poetics of Language Use in “The Parisian or AlBarisi” of Isabella Hammad, Helge Daniéls analyzes five salient examples of code-switching and relexifications in “The Parisian or Al-Barisi” by the British—Palestinian author Isabella Hammad. These examples illustrate how English, the matrix language, interacts with French and Arabic, the embedded languages, and how the multilingual language choices are deeply imbedded in the politics and poetics of the literary text. The code-switches and relexifications not only underscore key moments in the plot and personal traits of the main characters, they also draw attention to implicit authorial comments on gender, orientalism and colonialism ethnography. Literary history usually presents authors as if they had a monolingual background, whereas the multilinguality of the authors and of the readers is given short shrift. In her study entitled Interference in Literary Texts Written in French by Russian—French Authors (1990-2000), Margarita Makarova sets in her focus recent publications by contemporary French writers of Russian origin, such as Valéry Afanassiev, Vladimir Fédorovski, legor Gran, Luba Jurgenson and the Goncourt Prize winner Andrei Makine. This chapter looks for 2 See the website of langueflowwordpress.com. 2 Natasha Lvovich: “Elephant-Zookeepers:” Scholars and Makers of Multilingual Creativity, conference talk, Code-Switching in Arts, online conference, 29 September 2022. The story that inspired this naming is recounted in Victoria A. Beana: Past Tense: Nabokov and Jakobson, The Harvard Crimson, 4 October 2012, https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2012/10/4/nobokov-jakobson-harvard-academy/, accessed 30 December 2022. °3 Past and current events including workshops, conferences and Multea monthly meetings are listed at https://langueflow.wordpress.com/ «126
