Oldal 34 [34]
OCR
32 = USING INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Psychosis is an abnormal condition that affect the mind, where could be some loss of contact with reality. When someone experiences psychosis, the person's thoughts and perceptions are disturbed, and the individual may have difficulty understanding what is real and what is not. Symptoms of psychosis could be delusions (false beliefs), and hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that others do not see or hear). Other symptoms could be incoherent or nonsense speech, and behaviour that is inappropriate for the situation. A person in a psychotic episode could also experiences depression, anxiety, sleep problems, social withdrawal, lack of motivation and difficulty functioning overall (David, 2018; National Institute of Mental Health). In the interest of examining recovery stories of patients with psychosis, we have chosen a type of disorder that is unexplored in the Hungarian context. Voice hearing or auditory verbal hallucinations are transdiagnostic symptoms that could appear in psychotic disorders that exist along a continuum within psychiatric and non-psychiatric populations. Voice hearing is predominantly a sensory experience that occurs in the absence of external stimuli and is typically attributed to an external source. The experience of hearing voices is described as frightening that could lead to distress, social isolation, and functional disability. 25-50% of patients have persistent voice hearing despite pharmacological treatment (Rosen, Jones, Chase, & Grossman, 2015). Auditory verbal hallucinations have historically played an essential role in diagnosing psychiatric disorders. In the last few decades, however, there has been an increase in research on the phenomenology of hearing voices in multiple contexts (Woods, 2013). This change in perspective is due to three factors: (1) epidemiological data suggest several occurrences in the general population (Johns et al., 2014; Linscott & Os, 2010; Nuevo et al., 2012) and hearing voices can be a symptom of other psychiatric diagnoses (Johns et al., 2014; Largi et al., 2012; McCarthy-Jones et al., 2014); (2) the new models of cognitive and social relationships (Chadwick, 2003, 2006; Falloon et al., 2006) and hearing voices have led to therapeutic changes and (3) the recovery model, the recovery movement of voice hearing persons and user-centered experiences (Holt & Tickle, 2014; Jackson, Hayward, & Cooke, 2011) play a crucial role in integrating personal experiences and understanding into therapy. Patsy Hague and Eleanor Longden (whose story was not made public until the 2000s), the first self-identified voice hearers, considered the experience to be meaningful rather than the symptoms (M. A. Romme & Escher, 2000; M. A. Romme, Honig, Noorthoorn, & Escher, 1992). Their identities were built around voice hearing, and they distinguished themselves from the more common psychiatric portrayal of schizophrenic patients. They defined themselves as experts by experience (as opposed to experts by profession), and created a symmetric peer-to-peer relationship with other hearers, which led to the development of the Hearing Voices Movement (HVM) (Corstens, Long
