Oldal 24 [24]
OCR
22 = USING INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS psychology because according to IPA the lifeworld is more than just a linguistic interaction between individuals in a particular time and place. Due to IPA concerns with how discursive constructions are implicated in the experience of the individual it also has an active link with the Foucauldian discourse analysis (Eatough & Smith, 2008). The authors present an example, the metaphor of “container” of emotions, which is inside the person and in which emotions are considered to be “held” (Eatough & Smith, 2008, p. 185). When a participant describes that his/her anger “spills out” from this “container” it means his/her emotions are beyond his/her control. In this case, IPA examines (from a Foucauldian discourse analysis perspective) how the construction of the “container” has been constructed, and what it is like to the individual (Eatough & Smith, 2008). Since, IPA examines how reality appears to the individual and prioritizes examining narratives (as tools for interpretation) it seems to have a natural connection to the various forms of narrative analysis. According to Bruner (1991; 1990), narrative analysis aims to uncover how narratives operate as instruments of mind in the construction of reality. Bruner’s narrative analysis highlights what IPAs primary concern is. For example, telling and re-telling a particular experience (constructing a narrative) during therapy or counseling session could make the experience more liveable (Eatough & Smith, 2008; Racz, Kassai, & Pintér, 2016). Many further qualitative approaches could be included here (ethnography, action research, Q-method, Grounded Theory), hereby Grounded Theory (GT) should be highlighted among them because this is one of the best-known methods in the Hungarian qualitative research field. According to Corbin and Strauss (2015), the approach of GT examines experiences in the context in which these are embedded, and GT follows how particular events influences the process of emotions and interactions. During GT study the aim is to produce concepts and theory, during IPA study the aim is to stay at the level of individuals/experiences, rather than abstracting and generalizing data. 1.2.3. Research areas where IPA is (often) used There is now a considerable body of research employing IPA. Research utilizing IPA appears in many different types of outlet: peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, postgraduate theses (Smith, 2011). Health psychology is the field of psychology where IPA was established; now there is a substantial amount of studies that examine patient’s personal experience of a particular condition and treatment. There are also many studies exploring the experience of being a helper and health professional (e.g., Hunt & Smith, 2004). According to the review of Smith (2011) nearly the quarter of IPA studies (which
