Oldal 18 [18]
OCR
16 = USING INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS people to a cluster of symptoms. Recover from long-term hospitalization is harder than recover from symptoms of mental illness. Thus, recovery in this context means to recover from institutionalization and conceptualized as a social and political process rather than a medical one (Terry & Cardwell, 2015). The approach of recovery from mental illness has an important message to recover from substance addiction too. Patient care in drug treatment could also undermine self-esteem and hope. For example, methadone clinics which give patients little privacy, dignity or respect often convey pessimism and discouragement by focusing solely on stabilizing people (Terry & Cardwell, 2015). The study findings of Laudet (2007) highlighted what does recovery from addiction mean for them who were self-identified as being in recovery. (This study is one of the most critical studies concerning conceptualization of recovery.) The study findings suggest that recovery from substance addiction is not only a way to stop using drugs and alcohol. In this context, recovery means learning to manage addiction (which is considered to be a chronic disorder) without substance use. The 12-step programs (AA and NA) suggest “once an addict always an addict” and recovery is treated as a never-ending, lifelong process. That is why recovery requires total abstinence, being sober is necessary but rarely sufficient for the achievement of improved personal health and social function (B. M. K. Erdés, Kelemen, & Szijjarté, 2015; Laudet, 2007; McLellan, McKay, Forman, Cacciola, & Kemp, 2005). This is consistent with the World Health Organization’s conceptualization of health as the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease (World Health Organization, 1985, p. 34). Recovery is could be considered as a process of “health learning” in which identity change and gaining skills that are essential for recovery are incorporated (Erdos, Kelemen, Csurke, & Borst, 2011) The approach of recovery is used in many fields to help people overcome multiple problems. For example, it is also used during desistance from crime (Farrall & Calverley, 2006), in recovery from divorce (Quinney & Fouts, 2004) and in recovery from a suicide attempt (Sun & Long, 2013). Since the empirical studies of the present book examine the process of recovery from substance use and voice hearing in the next sub-chapter a summary of these fields is presented (the relevant literature is summarized at the introduction of each study). In this section, my aim is to highlight study findings that represent results from research where recovery processes were examined from a subjective perspective. 1.1.1.1.1. Recovery from substance use Recovery from addiction is often in the focus of narrative psychological and IPA research studies because with these methods the meaning-making process
