Oldal 149 [149]
OCR
HUNGARIAN-ENGLISH TEXT-BUILDING CONTRASTS cohesion and there are several well-known models of discourse (Halliday and Hasan 1976, Beaugrande and Dressler, Kintsch and van Dijk 1978, Mann and Thompson 1988, Petöfi 2004, etc.). Given the practical orientation ofthis book we must be selective, confining ourselves to reviewing some basic concepts and to focusing on some of the features of spoken and written discourse, particularly those where interlingual contrasts may be at work. Research on written discourse analysis has studied the features of several registers (news, academic prose, fiction and so on; see Biber 1995) and genres (Swales 1990). Much of this work has found its way into foreign language teaching, appearing mainly in books on text-building skills and academic writing. However, there has been much less work on contrastive discourse analysis. In Text-Building Skills and Academic Writing (Study writing) books the conventions of L2 discourse in various registers and genres are usually described without reference to L1 conventions. 9.3 CONTRASTIVE DISCOURSE ANALYSIS Crosslinguistic contrasts in various forms of discourse do influence L2 learners, but the contrasts at this level and their effects are much more difficult to identify than in the area of phonology and grammar. In the latter areas we have rules, and breaking the rules result in errors. In the case of discourse we have conventions, and the effects of ignoring the conventions are much less readily identifiable. Unfortunately, there are few studies on Hungarian—English discourse contrasts. Some contrasts have been touched upon in Translation Studies literature (e.g., Karoly 2007, 2012, 2014). However, a full comparison of contrasts in English and Hungarian oral and written discourse and text-building strategies in various registers and genres is still missing. This chapter is not intended to cover the whole field of contrasts between English and Hungarian oral and written discourse organisation. It will discuss some selected contrasts, mainly relating to written discourse, based on observation, teaching experience and such literature that is available. In general, the Hallidayan tradition will be followed here, focusing on the linguistic features of various types of discourse rather than the cognitive aspects of text organisation. 9.4 CONTRASTS IN MACROSTRUCTURE The organization of the most relevant propositions forming the gist of the text is called the macrostructure of texts (Kintsch, 2013). Text macrostructure is dependent on register and genre. + 147 +
