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OCR
HUNGARIAN-ENGLISH LEXICAL CONTRASTS usually regarded as lexical units and multiword units at the same time. In this section we shall look at contrasts between L1 and L2 words. 7.2 ASPECTS OF WORD KNOWLEDGE Words are composites of form and meaning. Knowing a word means knowing both its form and meaning. More precisely, knowing a word means that we know: + its form: its pronunciation, its spelling, its inflected forms, its morphological and syntactic properties; + its meaning: its denotative (referential) meaning(s) and its connotative (associative, stylistic, register, collocational, emotive, etc.) meaning(s); + its sense relations, i.e. its relations to other words. It is these dimensions that will be used here to contrast Hungarian and English words. 7.2.1 Partial knowledge of a word Even in our native language, we do not always have full knowledge of a word. We may be unaware of or uncertain about some of the aspects of word knowledge described above (pronunciation, morphology, meaning, etc.). Words may belong to our active or passive or temporarily activated vocabulary (Gésy 2005). Consider, e.g., whether you know the meaning of the following Hungarian words and phrases: mérföld, hüvelyk; rokka, motolla, csoroszlya; láttam már karón varjút, menj Isten hírével, etc. This is even more so in learning a foreign language. Learners acquire the various aspects of words gradually. The different levels of word knowledge can be studied by using the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale (VKS, Wesche and Paribakht 1993): s I dont remember having seen this word before. s I have seen this word before, but I don’t know what it means. s I have seen this word before, and I think it means (synonym or translation). s Iknow this word. It means (synonym or translation). e I can use this word in a sentence. e.g.: * 101 +
