Oldal 98 [98]
OCR
MICHAL SCHWARZ “At this time, Molon toyin, devoted by his whole life, looked at the beings in hell by his miraculous sight. The Calmless hell (Skr. Avici, Tib. mnar med) looks as follows. Because of the bad karmic fate [of entering beings], it has form of a big city with high [walls] and enclosed with four gates. In the city gates there are /uus, tigers, snakes, lions, bears, leopards, wolfs, jackals, and carnivorous birds.” d) about 1852, Zucin goyar modun kümün-ü üliger “Stories of 32 Wooden People.” ende orkiysan yajar-aca qamiy-aSi odba kemen uyilaju yabun atala gadayin küngdei-tür ketiken gingginejü uyinlanam güijü kürün geküle tere keüken-i naiman yeke luus-un gad irejü lingqv-a Ceceg-iyer quciy-a kiged aman-dur inti bal-iyar kökegülün emüne inü sögüdtün namancilan mörgüjü bayin ajiyu: “[Khan’s officer saw that the child] was not at the place, where it had been left behind, and went weeping [searching] where it might have gone, when [suddenly he heard] that a baby was bitterly weeping in a rock cave. He rushed in and wanted to take the baby, but [he saw that] there eight great luus-kings gathered around the baby, covering him by lotus flowers, feeding his mouth with honey, kneeling and worshiping him.” Besides independent semantical development in Mongolian, both words for dragon and /uus were used as translations and thus partly correspond to the concept of Indian or Sankrit ndgas. This originally Sanskrit word is for example attested as a loan in Tocharian calendar, where we can find that the Turco-Mongolian /uu-jil had its Tocharian counterpart ndake pikulne “in the dragon year” (not “in the snake year” as mentioned by Adams in older edition of his dictionary);*' cf. by Sogdian influenced Uighur ndk used for “dragon” in the 11" century calendar.” But from textual cases (as above under d) it can be seen that /uus (as mythological beings) were incorporated into Mongolian Buddhist pantheon and serve as specific type(s) of deities with important function in ritual texts like in the following example. 3° Srba, Ondiej: Paleograficka citanka mongolskeho pisma klasickeho obdobi, 146-149, English translation was authorized by O. Srba for this article. 3! Adams, Douglas Q.: A Dictionary of Tocharian B, 332. Yusup, Israpil— Kasim, Anvar: Weiwu’er shi’er shengxiao wenhua yuanliu kao (424 7K + = Xt (VET). In: Tujue yuwenxue yanjiu-Geng Shimin jiaoshou bashi huadan jinian wenji (REC SATE FE — HTH ER Be /\ TR ES C4E)/ Studies in Turkic Philology. Festschrift in honour of the 80" birthday of Professor Geng Shimin. Ed. Zhang Dingjing — Abdurishid Yakup. Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe, Beijing 2009, 200. 96
