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AGWANGKHAIDUB ON PsYcHIc HEAT, MOUNTAIN DIRT, AND VIRTUOUS SUBJECTS Conclusion Beyond his prominence as an abbot, his accomplishments in classical Géluk scholasticism, and his central role as a Khalkha tantric lineage master of the early nineteenth century, Agwangkhaidub was one of the great urban theorists of pre-imperial-era Inner Asia. His oeuvre is particularly ripe for an exploration of the materiality of Buddhist life in Yeke-yin Küriy-e through the performative exercise of living in, and moving through, its sacred sites. Moreover, in his works we have extensive and very rare evidence for a performative process of religious and political formation during the lateQing. In the short ode translated above, he writes as if “the essence of the Dharma,” a perfectly functioning samgha monastic community, and lay imperial subjects had already "appeared as form and gathered here in this land." When those pilgrims and monks encountered the mud, stone, felt, and copper of this steppe bastion of Géluk learning and Oing power, Agwankhaidub labored to ensure they would be formed appropriately as devotees and imperial subjects using a variety of spatial, visual, and textual strategies that deserve extended, comparative study. Bibliography Atwood, Christopher: “The Transliteration and Transcription of Mongolian.” Accessed June 28, 2017. http://www.thlib.org/reference/transliteration/sitewiki/26a34 | 4633a6-48ce-001 e-f1 6ce7908a6a/mongolian%20transliteration%20|amp|%20transcription.html. Bstan pa bstan ‘dzin: Kyai Rdor Mkhan Po Ngag Dbang Mkhas Grub. In: Chos Sde Chen Po Dpal Ldan ‘Bras Spungs Bkra Shis Sgo Mang Grwa Tshang Gi Chos ‘Byung Dung G.yas Su ‘Khyil Ba’i Sgra Dbyangs, 2 (KHA): pp. 452-54. Dpal Idan “bras spungs bkra shis sgo mang dpe mdzod khang, Mundgod, District of North Kanara, Karnataka 2003. Certeau, Michel de — Giard, Luce — Mayol, Pierre: L’Invention Du Quotidien. Nouv. éd. /. 2 vols. Collection Folio/essais. Gallimard (Paris) 1990. Elverskog, Johan: Mongol Time Enters a Qing World. In: Time, Temporality, and Imperial Transition: East Asia from Ming to Qing. Ed. Lynn A. Struve. Association for Asian Studies and University of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu 2005. Elverskog, Johan: Our Great Qing: The Mongols, Buddhism and the State in Late Imperial China. University of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu 2006. Ishihama Yumiko: The Notion of ‘Buddhist Government’ (chos srid) Shared by Tibet, Mongol, and Manchu in the Early 17" Century. In: The relationship between religion and state (chos srid zung ‘brel) in traditional Tibet: proceedings of a seminar held in Lumbini, Nepal, March 2000, ed. Christoph Ciippers. Lumbini International Research Institute, Lumbini 2004, pp. 15-31. 145
