Seite 81 [81]
OCR
DCTETUKA A3AHBAN3APA U MOHTONBCKNÜ CTUJIb B BYJUINÜCKOM N30BPA3UTEIIBHOM UCKYCCTBE 3peHHs HMPABHTEJIEŰ JIIOXH: MATKOCTB H MHJIOCEPJIHE ÁBAJIOKHTEIIIBADBI, ŐOJIBIIIE COOTBETCTBYET XKEHIIIHHE, HE2KEJIH CYPOBOMy BOHHy-MY>KYHHe. JIyunme o6pa3a I yaHb-HHB FOAHbCKOH 9IIOXMH HMEIOT ABHLbIE MOHTOJIBCKHE IIPH3HAKN! APXHTEKTOHHKA TEIIA, OJIEAHHA H yKpanıeHust dapdopoBBbIX, ÖPOH30BBIX HU AEPEBAHHBIX CKYJIBITYP Pa3uTeIIBHO OTJIHUAIOTCA OT TPAJIHIHOHHO KHTAÚCKHX bopM. Harnpnmep, I'yaHb-UHb MOHTONIBCKOH IIOXH «HOCHT) ONEIKABI H3 HOCTATOYHO IIJIOTHBIX TKaHeli, KaK OÖBIYHO IIPEINOUMTAIOT KOYEBHHKN, IIOITOMY 3HECB HET CTPYAILUXCA BOJIH TOHKOTO IIEJIKA, XAPAKTEPHBIX IA XaHb-KUTAÜCKNX NU3060pakeHnH (Pre. 4, 5). JUINHHBIe ceTyaTbIe YKpaleHHA, KaK GBI HOBTOPAIOIHE CTpyKTypy NEPEBSIHHOTO OCTOBA BOMOUHON FOPTbI, BIIOIb BCEH JUIHHBI IIIATbA, HE CBOHCTBEHHBI KUTAÜCKOMY HAIIHOHAJIBHOMy KOCTIOMY, HO HOCHJIHCb MOHTOJIBCKHMH 3KEHIIIHHAMH INIEMEHH Y3EMyuH (Pre. 6). KOHCTuTyUns Tea y CKyJIBIITyp 60JIEe IIIIOTHOTO, KPEIIKOTO CHOKEHNA C HMPAMBIMH, JOBOJIBHO HIHDOKHMH IIJIEAMH TAKIXKE ŐOJIBIIIE COOTBETCTBYET MOHTFOJIBCKOMY THIIY ÖHTYDBI. Kak CBHAETEIIBCTBYIOT KUTAÄCKHE HCTOYHHKH, TOCIE HANEHMA MOHTONBCKUX HPaBuTereñ KOaHp u uarHaHuns ToToH-T3Mypa B 1368 T., MOHTOJIBCKOE BIHAHHE (TIPHCYTCTBHE MOHTOJIBCKOÏ TBapJIHH B KAYECTBE JIHAHOÏ AMIEPATOPCKOÏ OXPAHPI, MOJIA Ha HCHOJIB30BAHHE MOHTONIBCKOTO SI3bIKA, MOHTOJIBCKAX HMEH, OX], HIPHUECKH, PATYAJIBI A Tpaxuumu) B IlekHHe CoXpaH3IOTCA ellje OKO cTa JIeT."! MHHCKHe HMIIEpaTODBI HO (1402-1424) nu Croany (1425-1435) nporomxaïor ŐYJUIHÜCKYIO TAHTPDHÁCKYIO TpaMIHIO, He IIPHEMJIEMYIO U HE IIOHATHYIO XAHbIIAM-KOH(dyLIMaHLam. K 9TOMy BpeMEHH OTHOCATCA JIYYLIME CKYIIBIITYPHbIE OOpa3a XasrpuBel, Bapkpa6xalipaspı, MaxakaJibl, [pu osu, AMapayoxu, Paxta Amapu u ıp. MsBecTHa 301104eHaa CTaTya BCE Toro xe Tom6o I ypa, XPaHHTEJISA CaKBACIIEB H MOHACTBIPA IpA3HH-]I3y, B FOBEIIHPHOM HCIIOJIHEHHH 3110xH FOnm (Puc. 3). Kpome Toro, HHPH MHHCKHX IDPABHTEJIAX B IleEKkHHe YKPeILISIOTCA HO3ALAA yautTereñ KapMarna. Oxxako 8 Xarxa Moxrornn KapMarnuHIaM He yNaeTca CTATb OCHOBHOH IIIKOJION. C HMPHXOJHOM IHEPTMYHOTO, CHAIBHOTO Mmnepa Ils0HxaBbI ycHmBaeTca Tpannıma Kayam, pedopmuposannas uM Kak Tesyx. Ilonnruueckunñ coro3 l'exyxk C MOHTONBCKHMH IIPaBHTEJIIMH IIPHBOJIMT K HOBOMY J3TaIIY pa3BHTHA GY/UIH3Ma B IIeHTPaJIBHOÚ A3un. Poxrenne /[3ax6ax3apa, IIPH3HAHHOTO BEJIYIIMMH TEJIYKIIMHCKUMU JIAMAMH BOTLIOIINCHMEM 3HAMEHHTOTO MacTepa Tapanarxn (1575-1634) cTaHOBHTCH Ba3KHEHILHM COÖBITHEM Wid ucTopHu Monro U MOHTONBCKOTO OYILIM3Ma. ll Knrafickne NCTOYHHKH CBHACTENIBCTBYIOT O ABHO HPOMOHTONBCKUX HACTPOCHHAX IIPH JIBOP€ PAHHHX MHHCKHX IIpaBHuTeiieh. JlIOGONBITHO, YTO aHaJIH3HpyA 3TH JaHHEIe Teupu Ceppelic IIPHXONHT K BbIBONy © BIOJIHE PeAIIBHOH BO3MODKHOCTH MOHTONIBCKOTO HPOHCXOKIICHHSI UMIIEPaTopa FOHII B COOTBETCTBUH © MOHTONBCKOH BEPCHEH HCTOPHH, H3IIOKCHHOH B «ANTaH ToBW) 17 B. See Serruys, H.: A Manuscript Version ofthe Legend ofthe Mongol Ancestry ofthe Yung-lo Emperor. The Mongolia Society Occasional Papers, Analecta Mongolica 1972, pp. 19-61; Serruys, H.: Mongols Ennobled during the Early Ming, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 22 (1959) 1961, pp. 209-260; Serruys, H.: Remains of Mongol Customs during the Early Ming. Translation in Shih-huo. Monumenta Serica 1975, pp. 137-190; Serruys, H.: The Mongols in China: 1400-1450. Monumenta Serica 27 (1968) 1970, pp. 233-305. 79
