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OCR
LS űj N Figure 2. A ranger and herder discuss grazing in a pasture outside Marcali. Photo: Anna Varga, 2012 The application of TEK in conservation is particularly important for habitats whose forming and maintenance (e.g., mountain hayfields, wood pastures) can only be realistically realized and upheld in the long run in possession of this knowledge (Anderson 2005; Babai — Molnar 2014). The maintenance of these types of habitats requires traditional modes of landscape use, considerable human labor and managing care (Oteros-Rozas et al. 2013; Varga et al. 2017a). In the previous century, these modes of use were often given up, hence these areas of considerable natural and cultural value have drastically decreased all over Europe (Schmitz et al. 2012). The restoration and maintenance of habitats in the abandoned areas were begun, and is pursued almost exclusively by conservationists. In ideal cases, through the recognition of traditional landscape use, the underlying KET also becomes known, used and acknowledged. There are indeed positive cases (Hirschnitz-Garbers — Stoll-Kleeman 2011), but in the support systems and prescriptions (e.g. Natura 2000) or in practice, KET is not, or just nominally, recognized. The cause — apart from those mentioned above - is the education and working methods of conservationists. Top-down and science-based decisions are predominant; during their studies, conservationists almost exclusively only encounter Western academic scientific knowledge and its attitude to the natural world (Standovär — Primack 2001; Mihok et al. 2016). This is further reinforced by the fact that local residents with TEK usually have little ability to assert their interests(Heikkinen et al. 2012). It would promote the solution of the problem if an interest group could take an active part in the integration of TEK. This would require learning about the attitude to this kind of knowledge not only of the communities that provide and foster it, but also of those who would potentially
