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38 — JUDIT FARKAS non-moral yet inclusive approach, the relational approach, the value-in-nature approach — see Kallhoff— Paola — Schérgenhumer 2018: 2—3). Some philosophers argue that an ethical approach to plants must rest on their value to other beings; others focus on human practices that depend on plants; others again examine plants, botanic life as such, separately. Eco-ethics also looks closely at hybrid breeding technologies, agricultural robotics, genetically modified variants and laboratory experimentation. With the new theoretical frameworks and methods, attempts are being made to rethink classic themes (such as the garden and food). Brand new areas (e.g. the planetoid — an object inspired by robots) are also being studied. Conclusion As shown both by the beginning of the paper and also some later parts, the radical trends of environmental philosophy have been tightly linked to movements of counter-culture. The representatives of these trends have aimed to expose the conceptual, social, cultural and historical background, drivers and functioning of the environmental crisis. They have argued that a fundamental social or cultural transformation is required for humanity to ward off a long-term ecological disaster. They differ from other trends in environmental philosophy by their lack of trust in political and other reforms. This is because on the one hand, these are too slow, while on the other, they concentrate on symptoms instead of causes (Zimmerman 2001; Hubbell — Ryan 2022: 122-123), without which only temporary, superficial solutions are possible. However, the contemporary environmental and social problems are no longer mere problems, but rather crises that threaten the existence of life on Earth. The awakening world is eagerly awaiting urgent answers. This general state of mind and attitude influences the more recent, specialized ecophilosophical trends which address such ontological and epistemological issues as plant ethics, food ethics, climate ethics, climate engineering, Anthropocene feminism, and sustainability ethics, all of which would have been extreme as little as 20 years ago (Hubbell — Ryan 2022: 121). Such radically new ideas are, obviously, also motivated by contemporary scientific achievements. To remain with plants: the latest scientific findings that plants experience pain or that they communicate with one another — and the further perspectives afforded by research — may result in the complete reconsideration of our natural environment and our relationship to it. These scientific results also lay claim to what EH so often and emphatically reiterates: inter- and cross-disciplinary communication and collaboration.
