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only limited conclusions can be drawn regarding their real functional work on any of the areas mentioned above. There are some duties and titles within the royal household that originate from or are closely connected with the functional title of wb3 nswt ‘royal wb? itself, such as the function of Paatenemheb as wb3 nswt n hm.t nswt wr.t royal wb3 of the great royal wife’ on his wooden stick in Leiden (RMO AH 140c).”” This implies that he was in a close connection with the wife of the king just as he was with the king himself, and gained a position of trust in the private household of both of them. In some cases wb3 nswt ‘royal wb? officials can be linked to particular units of the provision quarter of the royal palace." According to his titles on his stele from Abydos, Ramessesemperre acted as the manager of two of these units under Ramesses II*” as he was 3 n “.t hng.t ‘chief of the beer chamber’ and ° n “1 hnk.t ‘chief of the supplies magazine?" as well. The latter title specifying the responsibility of these officials for the palace stores is attested on the stele of Iuti from Giza during the reign of Thutmose IV™, and it was also borne by Ramessesheru from the reign of Merneptah.”” The functional title jmj-r3 “hnw¢j ‘chamberlain’ seems to be very closely linked to the title of ‘royal wb3’ in respect to his activity and responsibility, yet the real meaning of the title itself and the function of its holders are highly enigmatic. Several scholars have made suggestions for the definition regarding the title,” the occurrences of which imply that the position of jmj-r3 Chnwtj ‘chamberlain’ must have been a trusted person in the closest circle of the ruler, carrying out personal services for him as well as his special commissions requiring loyalty to him, however, this is attested much more infrequently in the New Kingdom.” Unfortunately, the sources of Qema, Horemheb *7 For a detailed discussion on Paatenemheb, see p. 165, for the inscription of the wooden stick, see [24.3] Wooden stick, Leiden, AH 140¢ on p. 438. Al-Ayedi, 2006, 226-229. For a discussion on the extended versions of the title wb3 nswt, see chapter II.5.3.1. below on p. 90. 29 For a detailed discussion on Ramessesemperre, see p. 201, for the inscription of the stele, see [53] Stele, Cairo, TR 3/7/24/17 on p. 493. 2 On the title of 3 n ‘t hnkt, see Gardiner, 1947, 22"; Zivie, 1976, 168, which indicates the existence of the title only from the Ramesside period. Al-Ayedi translates this title as ‘chief royal butler in the kitchen of the palace’, see Al-Ayedi, 2006, 227, however, I prefer the translation above based on Hannig, 2006, 136. For a detailed discussion on luti, see p. 135, for the inscription of the stele, see [11.1] Stele, Cairo, JE 72268 on p. 373. For a detailed discussion on Ramessesheru, see p. 208, for the inscription of his stele, see [55] Stele, Paris, E 3629 on p. 509. Maspero, 1888, 56; Moret, 1909, 19; Gauthier, 1918; Grajetzki, 2013, 222. 74 For a detailed discussion on the title, see Qema on p. 168.
