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OCR
OPTIMALITY THEORY IN ANALYZING BILINGUAL USE In an algorithmic representation, as no evidence has been provided for the conflict between Faith, Perspective, and Face, the ranking of constraint in the Kashmiri-Hindi-English speech community follows Bhatt and Bolonyais hypothesis: {FAITH, PERSPECTIVE, FACE} >> POWER >> SOLIDARITY Optimal bilingual grammar: Hungarian-English code-switching The ranking of constraints in the Hungarian-English data (collected in the Hungarian-American immigrant community) differs from the KashmiriHindi-English ranking. According to Bhatt and Bolonyai, the HungarianEnglish ranking is as follows: {FAITH, PERSPECTIVE} >> SOLIDARITY >> {FACE, POWER}'*” The first example indicates that in the interaction of Solidarity and Power, Solidarity outranks Power. Example [18] — The interaction of SOLIDARITY and POWER 1 A “Tve tried to call you several times, but your voicemail picks up 2 immediately. Minden rendben? (‘Is everything all right?’) Call or e-mail me back.” (cited by Bhatt and Bolonyai)'** In this utterance, the intended meaning of the switch to Hungarian is to enable the mother to expose her genuine feelings of worrying about her son. By switching to Hungarian (line 2), which is the language of intimacy and closeness shared with the son, the mother can maximally express her motherly concern. The switch to Hungarian, however, violates the constraint of Power as it deprives the mother of her superior position, control over the situation. The optimal output, the actual surface representation is the code-switch to Hungarian, which complies with Solidarity but violates Power. Relying on the premise of OT, the optimal candidate cannot violate the highest ranking constraint, so Solidarity must outrank Power. Perspective, Faith, and Face are not activated by this utterance. 187 Bhatt — Bolonyai, Ibid., 540 188 Bhatt — Bolonyai, Ibid., 540 + 73 +
