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Residents of Lemberg as Other Conclusion Due to their social and economic position, the Lembergs became the laughingstock of the neighboring residents, as they continue to be but not to such a degree as before. ‘There is no obvious reason why Lemberg was in the second half of the nineteenth century a laughingstock of the country. It is possible that Lembergs became the center of jokes due to geographical position on the periphery and their high social and economic position. Some researchers thought that the narrowminded view of Lemberg inhabitants, their standard of living, and their genetic diseases resulting from intermarriage could be the reason for jokes about this town. In humorous stories, Lembergs appeared as stupid and foolish. The behavior of the characters in the humorous tales does not accord with accepted norms of behavior of a majority, for example, stretching the church with manure, shooting sausages, swimming in linen, and lifting a bull on the bell tower. Neighbors most likely took advantage of the reputation of Lemberg in order to undermine the Lembergs’ authority and to express disagreement with certain norms and values, such as their way of life based on exploiting neighboring residents. As with narrative tradition, visual material also serves to create an “Other,” the image of someone who is different. Caricatures establish a humorous note by creating images that deviate from commonly accepted aesthetic standards. The caricatures were created to accompany Butalci and their primary role was to corroborate and enhance the humorous tales. References Butalec 2000, Butalec [in:] Slovar slovenskega knjiznega jezika (The Dictionary of the Slovenian Literary Language), http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/cgi/a03.exe?name=sskjtesta &expression=butalec &hs=1 (accessed 03. 04. 2012). Curk J. 1984, Dr. Ivan Stopar—Gradovi, grastine in dvorci na slovenskem Stajerskem, (Castles and Forts in the Slovenian Styria Region), Casopis za zgodovino in narodopisje (the Newspaper for History and Ethnography), vol. 55, pp. 146-155. Davies Ch. 1982, Ethnic jokes, moral values and social boundaries, The British Journal of Sociology, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 383-403. —1998, Jokes and Their Relation to Society, Berlin-New York. —2011, Jokes and Targets, Bloomington—Indianapolis. Gingrich A. 2004, Conceptualising Identities: Anthropological Alternatives to Essentialising Difference and Moralizing About Othering, [in:] Baumann G., A. Gingrich (eds.), Grammars of Identity/Alterity: A Structural Approach, New York. Globoëni D. 2005, Satiriéni motivi na panjskih konénicah (Satirical Pictures on Beehives Panels), Etnolog: glasnik Slovenskega etnografskega muzeja, vol. 15, pp. 345-365. — 2007, “Gosposka Skrijcasta suknja in slovenstvo”: izbor stereotipnih upodobitev v slovenski karikaturi (“The gentleman’s coat and the national awakening in Slovenia”: The selection of stereotypical Slovenian caricatures), Stereotipi v slovenskem jeziku, literaturi in kulturi, 43. seminar slovenskega jezika, literature in kulture, vol. 43, pp. 151-161. 525
