Oldal 103 [103]
OCR
102 | Digital Media and Storytelling in Higher Education personal life episodes. This creative activity was followed by interviews and a focus group discussion in which the students formulated critical reflections on the living conditions and gaps in care for vulnerable groups. In the process, students from different socio-economic backgrounds developed closer relationships and formulated action plans (Obuaku-Igwe, 2021). The PhotoVoice project represents a learning process with an intercultural approach and a transformative effect, as students undergo changes in attitude. The stories and dialogues revealed the details of the examined social problems, which provided significant findings for the research. A combination of Photo Voice and research interviews is the PhotoElicitation Interview (hereinafter referred to as PEI), which was used to interview adolescents by Pabian and Erreygers (2019). The researchers explored the prevalence and forms of online bullying and found that during individual interviews adolescents had difficulty recalling everyday life events related to bullying. The researchers avoided using focus group interviews for data collection, as the compliance constraints related to the age of the participants would have influenced their data. The researchers decided to use PEI, a participatory narrative research method in which a photograph taken by the researcher or the interviewee forms the starting point of the individual interview. In designing the method, the researchers also took into account that their research subjects (n = 34), a sample of 13-14-yearold Belgian students, interacted online with peers through pictures. The target group was present on social media platforms where self-presentation and messages are characterized by fragmentation: adolescents communicate using less written text and more voice messages and memes. The students had to choose three images a day for five days for the research, which also could be screenshots. The researchers did not specify the content, but the adolescents were informed that they had to document their interactions with their peers. Students could only take the pictures with their peer’s consent, just as they could only participate in the research with informed consent. After five days, the researchers recorded semi-structured interviews with the students, who were asked to describe the characteristics of their everyday online interactions based on the pictures. The coding and annotation of the interview transcripts and pictures were carried out independently by the two researchers using Nvivo software. This method allowed a deeper insight into the world of online adolescent communication. Although the students found it easier to evoke their experiences in interview situations with the help of images, the method had certain limitations: the data were still idealized in many cases, as students did not send photos referencing negative events. Moreover, the sending of pictures was also highly dependent on the students’ knowledge of technical tools. Arts-based participatory research methods include the dramatic Forum Theatre, which actively involves the audience in solving the moral dilemmas of a pre-written play. The audience is a special group that can make comments,
