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FRANCISCO QUIROZ CHUECA thought), which increasingly had in the Spanish tradition a central theme of their interests. It is true that the historical view of Herrera would have to wait for the next century to reach acceptance and to be developed by Peruvian Hispanist historians, but already in the nineteenth century the colonial history was vindicated after suffering the inclemencies of ideological battles during the separatist war (1820-1826). Historians such as Manuel de Odriozola, Manuel de Mendiburu, Manuel Atanasio Fuentes, Sebastian Lorente, José Toribio Polo and writers such as Ricardo Palma, would have the colonial period as a very important and positive part of Peruvian history.!° NATIONALIST HISTORIOGRAPHY The flourishing of nationalist historiography in Europe had echoes in Peru. Indeed, in the second half of the nineteenth century, two versions emerge that can be considered as nationalist and linked to the construction of the nation-state. Sebastian Lorente and Mariano Felipe Paz Soldän gave — each one on their side — an overview of the history of Peru in structured narratives. Both aimed to present the historical trajectory of the country to show its current achievements as a civilized country in the context of nineteenthcentury Western modernity. But their proposals differed substantially from each other. Sebastian Lorente was actually the author of a new paradigm in Peruvian historiography, an integrating vision of the history of the country. In his essays of 1866 and 1879, Lorente made a vindicating history, harmonizing different versions to have a patriotic and nationalist narrative, a history that was neither Cusco-centrist nor Lima-centrist in the strict sense. However, Lorente worked out a conciliatory version of local and Creole traditions that included the Spanish legacy as an important part of the Peruvian national identity. However, his more important contributions were related to the role Indians should play in the new nation. Lorente vindicated the legacy of native peoples of the Andes using the then new studies by Mariano de Rivero and the Swiss Johann Jakob von Tschudi on the pre-Inca and Inca periods to consider them as constitutive stages of the Peruvian nationality. In 1841 Rivero published his Antigtiedades peruanas and ten years later Tschudi reissued it in Vienna with his own contributions. As a matter of fact, Lorente’s position was inclusive but not egalitarian. Lorente found in ancient history the links that he felt could help in the task of “civilizing” the native population so that they could 10 See Joseph Dager: Historiografta y naciôn en el Per del siglo XIX, Lima, Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Catdlica del Pert, 2009; and Francisco Quiroz, Romanticismo y nacionalismo en la historiografia peruana del siglo XIX, Silex, 7, 1, 2017, 15-48. * 40 +
