Oldal 33 [33]
OCR
HERNÁN OTERO including the United States. As we have seen, immigrant children, the main observation point for considering the issue, show clear signs of identification with the host society from the 1920s onwards. Second, if integration is both a process and a result, the Cultural Pluralism theory gives us a good explanation of the first, while the Melting Pot reflects the second. A vertiginous social mobility, stressed by Gino Germani in his classical work, and state policies, an actor not usually considered by Cultural Pluralism, were the key factors of the process. The influence of the French model (with the state acting as an integration machine through the education system) and the higher level of uniformity of migratory flux were other explanatory differences with the United States. Third, the indicators we use (endogamy, residence patterns and ethnic nuclei) show more lasting levels of Pluralism in bigger cities (such as Cordoba, Rosario and Buenos Aires) than in the smaller and intermediate ones, and in groups with different religions, a clear sign of the complexity of the process. Fourth, from a more historical point of view, two moments should be stressed by their impact on the integration process: the Great War, a revival but also a swan song for European communities, and the economic crisis of 1930 that dramatically reduced the migratory flux. The arrival of Peronism in 1946 was a watershed in Argentine history. During the second half of the 20th century, the ethnic aspects of European migration, without having completely disappeared, became a subject of the past. REFERENCES Avni, Haim: Argentina y la historia de la inmigraciôn judia (1810-1950). Buenos Aires, Editoria Universitaria Magnes, Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén, AMIA, 1983. BARBERO, Maria Inés - CACOPARDO, Maria Cristina: La inmigracién europea a la Argentina en la segunda posguerra: viejos mitos y nuevas condiciones, Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos, No. 19, 1991, 291-322. BAILY, Samuel: Immigrants in the Lands of Promise. Italians in Buenos Aires and New York City, 1870-1914, Cornell, Cornell University Press, 1999. BERTONI, Lilia Ana: Patriotas, cosmopolitas y nacionalistas. La construcciôn de la nacionalidad argentina a fines del siglo XIX, Buenos Aires, Fondo de Cultura Econémica, 2001. BIANCHI, Susana: Historia de las religiones en la Argentina. Las minorias religiosas, Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 2004. BIERNAT, Carolina: ;Buenos o utiles? La politica inmigratoria del peronismo, Buenos Aires, Biblos, 2007. + 32 +
