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YOSHIKO TAKEBE as one of the live entities on the stage, the dramaturgy allows the audience to observe that silence brings optimistic hope and laughter along with anxiety and boredom. Whether Chekhov’s nineteenth-century realism in the theatre adapted into a twenty-first century android drama or Beckett’s twentiethcentury theatre of the absurd transformed into a Japanese traditional performing art, translating silence holds the most crucial key for savoring the masterpiece. This chaotic mixture of contradictory elements, which is true to our own lives, is aesthetically dramatized by Beckett, Chekhov and Hirata, who trust and benefit from the existence of silence. BIBLIOGRAPHY BECKETT, Samuel: The Complete Dramatic Works, London, Faber and Faber Limited, 1986. BECKETT, Samuel: Waiting for Godot, New York, Grove, 1954. BECKETT, Samuel: Come and Go, Dir. Jonah Salz, Perf. Kagari Asukai, Trans. Yasunari Takahashi, Kyoto, Oe Noh Theatre, January 2004. BRYDEN, Mary: Samuel Beckett and the Idea of God, London, Macmillan, 1998. CHEKHOV, Anton: The Three Sisters, In Chekhov: The Major Plays, A New Translation by Ann Dunnigan with a foreword by Robert Brustein, New York, Penguin, 1982. Hirata, Oriza: From Misunderstanding: What is Communication?, Tokyo, Kodansha, 2012. HIRATA, Oriza: Post-Performance Talk 2 in The Three Sisters, Dir. Oriza Hirata, Perf. Hiroko Matsuda, Mizuho Nojima, Minako Inoue, DVD, Theatre Television, 2013. INOUE, Minako: Special Talk in The Three Sisters, Dir. Oriza Hirata, Perf. Hiroko Matsuda, Mizuho Nojima, Minako Inoue, DVD, Theatre Television, 2013. IsHIGURO, Hiroshi: Multimodal Analysis on Android Drama of The Three Sisters: How Humans Interact with Android, in The Journal of The Japan Association for Artificial Intelligence Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1 (2014), 60-68. JAKOBSON, Roman: On Linguistic Aspects of Translation, in Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader, Second Edition, New York, Routledge, [1959] 2004, 138-143. KNOWLSON, James: Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett, London, Bloomsbury, 1996. Matsupa, Hiroko: Cast Interview in The Three Sisters, Dir. Oriza Hirata, Perf. Hiroko Matsuda, Mizuho Nojima, Minako Inoue, DVD, Theatre Television, 2013. + 124 +