Oldal 159 [159]
OCR
VIII. Agrobiocoenoses and their zoocoenoses | 157 impacts; in the former, the crop rotation extends to the whole cultivated area. The individual fields are essentially groups of oeci, i.e. sub-biotopes, with characteristically different plant stands, and microclimate. The field edges and the grassy-bushy borders of orchards often do not belong to the arvideserta, and are not ruderal habitats either, but constitute undisturbed refugia of the original plant cover. We hardly know the zoocoenoses of the agrobiotopes; perhaps their fauna is known but imperfectly; mostly those that specialise on various crop plants, plus parasitoids and predators that play a role in their limitation to various degrees. Therefore, a systematic analysis of agrozoocoenoses is premature; thus, the following are no more than rudimentary and, hence, somewhat daring sketches. Although the populations of supersocion are dispersed among various biotopes, there is a difference between arvideserta and agrilignosa, because the former provides favourable conditions to species of mostly grassland origin. Therefore, Arvicolaecion arvalis is common in areas under agricultural cultivation, while Talpaecion europeae occurs in both arvideserta and agrilignosa. The bird populations of the supersocion are, incomparably, more species-rich from March to September than during winter when, in the agrilignosa, one encounters a supersocion with flocks of tits, mixed with woodpeckers, treecreepers and nuthatches, while flocks of crows walk the bare fields of the arvideserta. In the place of breeding birds that depart in the autumn, winter visitors fit into the supersocion. This supersocion also contains obstants of small populations, such as the sparrowhawk, goshawk, owls, fox, weasel, ferret, etc. Their zoocoenological relationships are scarcely known. The members of the supersocion are very mobile, roaming over a large area; fragments of their populations only reside in one place for no longer than a period of an aspect. The presocia of arvideserta and those of agrilignosa differ more sharply, because the former is mostly herbaceous, while the latter contains mainly woody elements. The most constant presocia of arvideserta are the soil-living populations, from which Agrioticium or Anisoplisecium is formed, with species representations of Agriotes, Anisoplia, Melolontha, Rhizotrogus, Dorcadion spp. etc. The larval semaphoront group of Agriotes is often of clumped distribution, forming a characteristic Agriotidicium segetis. The Dociostauricium maroccani, forming on grazing lands, often extends to arvideserta, and, above them, the starling and the white stork are members of the supersocion. In relation to the presocia on grazing land, studies by Nagy (1944, 1947, 1950) provide remarkable guidance, even if these are restricted to ecofaunistical studies of Saltatoria. Similarstudies were made by Marchand (1953) on the Saltatoria and Hemiptera fauna of various types of meadows. Both authors examined only a part of the zoon, and indicated an important effect of the microclimate (“even in the food specialists... the effect of food or availability of egg-laying sites is overshadowed by the dependence on microclimate”
