Oldal 113 [113]
OCR
VI. METHODS OF A ZOOCOENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS From the previous arguments, we can see that a zoocoenosis can undergo constant changes, both of quality and quantity. The same association, according to the change of the seasons, will bring different populations to the surface. Consequently, a full inventory of a zoocoenosis is only imaginable if our surveys are continuous, or at least are frequently repeated throughout the growing season. The more frequent our surveys are, the more complete picture we gain of the composition of the zoocoenosis while, if we have longer gaps, we run the risk of detecting only certain aspects, and miss dynamic events that may be crucial for the understanding of the zoocoenosis. When studying zoocoenoses, two additional circumstances need to be considered. One is that some populations lead a secretive life (even if above ground), and their surveys must employ special methods. The other is that all populations are members of the zoocoenosis, be that eurichron or stenochron. We accept that, from the perspective of production biology, only constant and dominant populations are of interest but, from a zoocoenological point, all are equal subjects of study because they are members of the zoocoenosis. The aim of zoocoenology is to study this, and not nutrient cycling - a census should not lead to a one-sided, probably false impression about the real composition of the zooconosis by counting only the constant and dominant populations. § THE AIM OF THE ANALYSIS That said, we can pose the question: what are the aims of coenological studies? There are three answers to this question: 1) to establish the qualitative composition of zoocoenoses: the species spectrum; 2) to establish the quantitative composition of zoocoenoses: the quantitative spectrum, and; 3) to unearth the between-species relationships of the constituting populations: the synphysiological spectrum. The two first are static, seeking the unchanging elements in the zoocoenoses, trying to grasp the constancy, while the third is dynamic, trying to show the changes, and uncover the shifting elements.
